Global Challenges and the Emerging World Order

This book offers a fascinating overview of the challenges posed by the world’s new geostrategic order and likely future directions. It opens with an unconventional view of the Arab Spring, identifying its origins in the relative US withdrawal from the Mid

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Global Challenges and the Emerging World Order

Global Challenges and the Emerging World Order

Giulio Sapelli

Global Challenges and the Emerging World Order

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Giulio Sapelli University of Milan and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) Milan Italy Translated from Italian language edition Published by Guerrini e Associati: “Dove va il mondo?” © 2014 Translation by Juliet Haydock. Footnotes by Barbara Racah.

ISBN 978-3-319-15623-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15624-8

ISBN 978-3-319-15624-8  (eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015933830 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Foolery, sir, does walk about the orb like the sun, it shines everywhere. William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night

Acknowledgments

This perhaps somewhat over-ambitious reflection owes much to a think tank that has grown up in a cultural and spiritual setting that is extremely unusual in Italy: the Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. It naturally reflects my own thoughts and not those of the Foundation, though without the decision taken by the Foundation Board of Directors to begin work on a new research programme (“Economy and society”), which I led for a few months during its start-up, this book would never have seen the light of day. I am therefore grateful to Paolo Scaroni, President of the Foundation and Giuseppe Sammarco, its Director, who have given me their unflagging trust and encouragement. I would nevertheless certainly not have written these pages had it not been for the decisive encouragement that Joaquín Navarro Valls, who read the first draft of the programme, gave me to expand it into a much longer essay. Luca Farinola was the first to read the work and gave me inestimable advice, as did Daniele Atzori with his great scientific experience, no