Global origins of invasive brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) in the Haida Gwaii archipelago
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Global origins of invasive brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the Haida Gwaii archipelago Bryson M. F. Sjodin . Emily E. Puckett . Robyn L. Irvine . Jason Munshi-South . Michael A. Russello
Received: 12 June 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) have commensally spread from northern China and Mongolia to become among the most invasive species on the planet. Understanding the proximate source(s) of invasion can inform biosecurity plans and eradication strategies for preventing or mitigating impacts to native biodiversity. The Haida Gwaii archipelago, located off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, is a significant nesting site for 1.5 million seabirds across 12 species, half of which are now threatened by brown Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02390-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. B. M. F. Sjodin M. A. Russello (&) Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada e-mail: [email protected]
rats. Local knowledge points to a European origin in the late 1800’s to early 1900’s, though the true source(s) and firm date(s) of invasion remain unknown. To fill these knowledge gaps, we analyzed genotypic data (16,598 SNPs) for 280 brown rats sampled throughout Haida Gwaii relative to a published global database of potential source populations. Principle component analysis and population assignment tests supported multiple potential invasion sources from Europe and North America. Likewise, demographic modelling best supported two invasions into the islands. The first invasion likely occurred in the early 1900’s into the south-central archipelago from Western Europe followed by a more recent J. Munshi-South Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, 31 Whippoorwill Road, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
E. E. Puckett Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, 3770 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152, USA R. L. Irvine Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, National Marine Conservation Area Reserve and Haida Heritage Site, Parks Canada, 60 Second Beach Road, Skidegate, BC V0T 1S1, Canada
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invasion in the early 2000’s from Vancouver, British Columbia, into northern Haida Gwaii. The northern invasion of Haida Gwaii could also be indicative of contemporary gene flow between Haida Gwaii and the mainland, representing a significant biosecurity risk. Our results will inform management strategies for invasive rats in Haida Gwaii and serve as a guide for studies in other isolated systems worldwide. Keywords Invasive species Island ecosystem Phylogeography Population genomics Conservation
Introduction Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are one of the most invasive species on the planet. A commensal species, brown rats have an extensive distribution and inhabit nearly every region
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