Goatskin preservation with plant oil: significant chloride reduction in tannery wastewater
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Goatskin preservation with plant oil: significant chloride reduction in tannery wastewater Md. Shahruk Nur-A-Tomal 1 & Md. Abul Hashem 1 & Md. Enamul Hasan Zahin 1 & Md. Lutful Hossain Pulok 1 & Moumita Rani Das 1 & Sadia Mim 1 Received: 2 March 2020 / Accepted: 18 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Preservation of raw hide/skin is the prime technique to stop bacterial deterioration. Universally, salt curing is the most prevalent technique for hide/skin preservation. In this study, extracted oil from Aphanamixis polystachya seed was evaluated for the preservation of goatskin to reduce the chloride in tannery wastewater. The oil-induced goatskin preservation method was assessed observing diverse factors, e.g., hair slip, odor, moisture content, bacterial colony counting, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and hydrothermal stability in evaluation to the conventional salt curing method. Results indicate that 15% oil-induced preservation technique could preserve the goatskin for 30 days. A small-scale experiment was performed for the preservation of goatskins. The preserved goatskins both monitoring and study samples were processed for shoe upper leather. The leather quality was evaluated by examining physical properties and fiber structure by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pollution load generated during leather making was determined in terms of total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl−), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The proposed oil-induced preservation method reduced Cl−, TDS, and BOD by 98.3%, 82.3%, and 86.8%, respectively, in the soaking liquor. The leather readied from the empirical goatskin shows the equipotential properties of leather from conventional goatskin. The oil-induced preservation method is substantiated to be favorable nonconventional preservation instead of conventional wet-salting for the contraction of pollution from soaking operation. Keywords Aphanamixis polystachya . Total dissolved solids . Salinity . Chemical oxygen demand . Leather
Introduction Hide/skin, the outer covering of animals is the basic raw materials for the leather industry which is converted into leathers (Wu et al. 2017). Hide/skin contains water (60–70%) and protein (25–30%), which makes it susceptible to microbial attack (Balada et al. 2008). It is vulnerable to the microbial attack that starts in 5–6 h after being removed from the carcass (Kanagaraj et al. 2005). Saprophytic bacteria exist in the hide/ skin or microbe from the environment decay proteins and yield in lower grade leather (Vijayalakshmi et al. 2009). Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Md. Abul Hashem [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Leather Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh
Bacteria may penetrate through the corium from the flesh side of raw hide/skin in 8–12 h; it causes serious grain peeling in 15–18 h as well as creates voids in hide/skin (Aslan and Birbir 2011).
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