Treatment of tannery wastewater in a pilot scale hybrid constructed wetland system in Arequipa, Peru
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Treatment of tannery wastewater in a pilot scale hybrid constructed wetland system in Arequipa, Peru J S. P. Zapana1 · D. S. Arán2 · E. F. Bocardo1 · C. A. Harguinteguy2 Received: 21 October 2019 / Revised: 4 May 2020 / Accepted: 2 June 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Tannery wastewater is an industrial effluent characterized by high and variable concentrations of complex pollutants. These contaminants pose a high risk to the environment if discharged into a body of water without undergoing proper treatment. This study evaluated the performance of a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland system (horizontal subsurface flow + free water surface flow) for tannery wastewater treatment. The pollutant removal efficiency of the hybrid constructed wetland was determined, and the chromium bioaccumulation and growth and survival parameters of the macrophytes Isolepis cernua and Nasturtium aquaticum were evaluated. The 5-day biological oxygen demand, the chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and chromium reached maximum levels (98%, 97%, 97%, 33% and 98%, respectively) after treatment in the pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland. The average concentrations of the 5-day biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and chromium were within the discharge limits established by national and international organizations for surface water bodies. The macrophytes had low levels of chromium bioconcentration and translocation, with the growth and survival, especially of Isolepis cernua, revealing a high capacity to adapt to the variability and possible toxic effects of tannery wastewater. In general, the pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland proved to be a feasible alternative for the treatment of tannery wastewater in an important industrial zone in Peru. Keywords Constructed wetlands · Hybrid system · Isolepis cernua · Nasturtium aquaticum · Phytoremediation · Tannery wastewater
Introduction Wastewater treatment presents a great challenge, which implies dealing with metal ions and industrial compounds Tannery wastewater is an industrial effluent characterized by high and variable concentrations of complex pollutants, such as organic matter, nitrogen, suspended solids and chromium (Hashem et al. 2019; Da Silva et al. 2020). Several physicochemical methods have been developed to remove heavy Editorial responsibility: M. Abbaspour. * C. A. Harguinteguy [email protected] 1
Environmental Engineering School, Faculty of Process Engineering, National University of San Agustín de Arequipa (UNSA), Arequipa, Perú
Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology (IMBIV), CONICET and Faculty of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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metals from wastewaters. The processes most commonly used for the treatment of wastewater from tanneries include chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, activated sludge and chemical precipitation (Batool and Saleh 2020). However, some of these physico
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