Gout: a disease involved with complicated immunoinflammatory responses: a narrative review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Gout: a disease involved with complicated immunoinflammatory responses: a narrative review Meimei Wu 1,2 & Ye Tian 2,3,4 & Qianqian Wang 2,3,4 & Chengshan Guo 2,3,4 Received: 20 January 2020 / Revised: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 8 April 2020 # International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) 2020
Abstract Gout is a disease with acute and/or chronic inflammation and tissue damage induced by the precipitation of monosodium urate crystal (MSU) crystals in bone joints, kidneys, and subcutaneous sites. In recent years, with the continuous research on gout animal models and patient clinical investigations, the mechanism of inflammation activation of gout has been further discovered. Studies have shown that pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and IL-17, NLRP3 inflammasome, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-10, IL-37 are all involved in the MSU-induced gout inflammatory process. And the immune cells in gout, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocytes, all play important roles in the pathogenesis of gout. In this review, we mainly emphasize the understanding of various cytokines, inflammasome, and immune cells involved in the onset of gout, in order to provide a systematic and theoretical basis for the novel exploration of inflammatory therapeutic targets for gout. Keywords Gout . Immune cell . Inflammasome . Interleukin . Monosodium urate . Tumor necrosis factor alpha
Introduction Gout is a crystal-associated joint disease caused by the precipitation of MSU, which is directly related to hyperuricemia caused by a disorder of purine metabolism and/or a decrease in uric acid excretion. The development of gout can be divided into several stages. Hyperuricemia is a prerequisite for the development of gout, and a significant concentration-dependent relationship exists between serum urate concentration and gout [1]. However, most of the patients with hyperuricemia do not have gout, suggesting that other stages in the clinical development of gout are
* Chengshan Guo [email protected] 1
Southern Medical University Second Clinical College, Shenzhen 518101, China
2
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southern Medical University Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China
3
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Medical University Shenzhen Baoan Clinical College, Shenzhen 518101, China
4
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen University Second affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China
also important since the clinical deposition of MSU crystals [2] (Fig. 1). Great changes have taken place in the current human living environment, lifestyle, and dietary structure, concurrent with the incidence of gout increasing year by year. More and more researchers are studying the pathogenesis of gout in terms of inflammatory factors and immunology. Through the participation of macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils, TNF-α, some interleukins (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-3
