Green coffee derived supplements and infusions as a source of polyamines and free amino acids
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Green coffee derived supplements and infusions as a source of polyamines and free amino acids Lukas Macheiner1 · Anatol Schmidt1 · Helmut K. Mayer1 Received: 31 January 2020 / Revised: 1 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This work reports on monoamines (MA), diamines (DA) and polyamines (PA) as well as free amino acids (fAA) in nutritional supplements and infusions derived from green coffee beans. Samples were investigated using a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography UV/FLR method, which was validated regarding specificity, linearity, range, precision, accuracy and limits of detection and quantification. Nutritional supplements based on green coffee beans showed large amounts of total amines ranging from 1090 to 2593 mg/kg, with exceptional high levels of spermidine up to 724 mg/kg, and a content of fAA from 4004 to 12,389 mg/kg. Infusions brewed from green coffee beans showed much lower contents of amines (14–17 mg/L) and fAA (78–100 mg/L). However, if the customary edible portion was considered, infusions from green coffee were a mainly better source for MA and PA as well for fAA, compared to nutritional supplements. Tryptamine and tyramine were predominant as MA putrescine as DA, and spermidine as PA, respectively.
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Keywords Nutritional supplements · UHPLC · Monoamines · Diamines · Spermidine
Introduction Green coffee beans (gCB) are unroasted seeds from Rubiaceae evergreen shrub genus Coffea. Most harvested and consumed species in the world are represented by Coffea arabica (app. 60%) and Coffea canephora [1]. Besides being Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-020-03609-6 ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Helmut K. Mayer [email protected] 1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Chemistry Laboratory, BOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
a food commodity, gCB have recently gained popularity as a novel nutritional source. Nutritional supplements and infusions (bags or powder) for brews of gCB can be found in retail stores and on internet shops. Recent studies report on green coffee beans, powder and derived infusions regarding the contents of chlorogenic acid and caffeine [2, 3], trace elements and minerals [4], phenolic [5] and antioxidant compounds [6], as well as possible health hazards due to the presence of mycotoxins [7]. Although numerous studies have investigated the content of free amino acids (fAA) and amines (MA/DA/PA) in gCB, they only did so in regard to possible influences during maturatio
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