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ORIGINAL PAPER

Green Synthesis of Agar/Gelatin Based Superabsorbent (BGCP) Through Gamma Radiation Cross‑Linking Polymerization for Castoff as Sustained Drug Delivery Device and in Soil Treatment for Improved Water Retention Preeti Mehta1   · Balbir Singh Kaith2 Accepted: 18 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract In this paper, agar/gelatin and acrylic acid-co-vinyl acetate (monomer chains) based superabsorbent, fabricated using gamma radiations as an initiator and N-N′ dimethylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker, has been investigated for its swelling behaviour (Max. Ps = 8010) in distilled water as a function of time, temperature and pH. The hydrogel has further been applied for sustained delivery of diethyl carbamazine citrate under three pH conditions at 37 °C. It has been found to show non-Fickian type mechanism as the drug release showed diffusion coefficient less than 0.50 for all the pH conditions. The gel characteristic constant ‘n’ was found to be: 0.910 at 9.2 pH, 0.832 at 7.0 pH and 0.768 at 2.2 pH with their corresponding ‘k’: 0.175, 0.242 and 0.413, respectively. The initial diffusion coefficient has been found to show greater values than late diffusion coefficient confirming greater release at the early stages of the drug release than that in the late stages. Also to apply BGCP in soil treatment its moisture retention capacity has been studied using three different soil models. BGCP was found to retain moisture under clay, mix and sand soil models for 57 days, 42 days and 32 days, respectively. Under bio-composting method of biodegradation sample was found to be 91% degraded after 70 days. Keywords  Green synthesis · BGCP · Superabsorbent · Degradable · Drug delivery

Introduction Hydrogels act as mini reservoir for the water and drugs and then release them with a slower rate. This could be due to the presence of different charged ions to which charged drug molecules interact and their release becomes slower. Also their pH responsiveness makes them a good candidate to be used as site specific delivery devices e.g. poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [1]. Recently the polymers are being modified to obtain novel biomaterial that can be used in controlled drug delivery * Dr. Preeti Mehta [email protected] Dr. Balbir Singh Kaith [email protected] 1



Department of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India



Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India

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applications [1]. Amongst several drug delivery systems, hydrogels-based drug delivery system (pulsatile drug delivery system, PDDS) is one of the most effective and efficient approach [2]. The carboxymethylcellulose after cross-linking with starch glycolate (sodium salt) as well as potato starch and carboxymethylation cross-linked hydrogels were used as drug delivery devices [3]. Highly pH responsive hydrogels containing ionizable functional groups obtained from natural polysaccharides are ex