Green Tribology Biomimetics, Energy Conservation and Sustainability
Tribology is the study of friction, wear and lubrication. Recently, the concept of “green tribology” as “the science and technology of the tribological aspects of ecological balance and of environmental and biological impacts” was introduced. The field of
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Michael Nosonovsky Bharat Bhushan •
Editors
Green Tribology Biomimetics, Energy Conservation and Sustainability
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Prof. Michael Nosonovsky Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee North Cramer Street 3200 Milwaukee WI 53211-0413 USA e-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 1865-3529 ISBN 978-3-642-23680-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-23681-5
Prof. Bharat Bhushan Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- and Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2) Ohio State University 201 West 19th Avenue Columbus OH 43210-1142 USA e-mail: [email protected]
e-ISSN 1865-3537 e-ISBN 978-3-642-23681-5
Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011944126 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Tribology (from the Greek word sqíbx ‘‘tribo’’ meaning ‘‘to rub’’) is the interdisciplinary area of science and technology that involves the study of the interaction of solid surfaces in relative motion. Typical tribological studies cover friction, wear, lubrication, and adhesion. These studies involve the efforts of mechanical engineers, material scientists, chemists, and physicists. The word ‘‘tribology’’ was coined in the 1960s when it was realized that it may be beneficial for engineers and scientists studying friction, lubrication, and wear to collaborate in the framework of the new interdisciplinary area. Since then, many new areas of tribological studies have been suggested, which are at the interface of various scientific disciplines. These areas include nanotribology, biotribology, the tribology of magnetic storage devices, and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. The research in these areas is driven mostly by the advent of new technologies and new experimental techniques for surfaces characterization. Green tribology is a new, separate research area that is emerging, and it is defined as the science and technology of the tribological aspects of ecological balance and of environmental and biological impacts. There are a number of tribological problems that can be put under the umbrella o
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