Groundwater Modeling in a Semi-confined Aquifer Using GIS and MODFLOW
Groundwater modeling is an effective tool used to understand the behavior of the aquifer system under different hydrological stresses and to prevent excessive withdrawal of water. The Chauras region located in Bhandara District in Maharashtra, India, is a
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Groundwater Modeling in a Semi-confined Aquifer Using GIS and MODFLOW Y. B. Katpatal, Priyanka Thakare, and S. N. S. Maunika
Abstract Groundwater modeling is an effective tool used to understand the behavior of the aquifer system under different hydrological stresses and to prevent excessive withdrawal of water. The Chauras region located in Bhandara District in Maharashtra, India, is a typical semi-confined aquifer in the thick alluvium deposits which is depleting very fast due to overexploitation. The agriculture in the region is very good, and three crops are grown in the area. The main objective of this research is the simulation of future groundwater scenarios using remote sensing and GIS, and groundwater modeling to find a solution to drastically decreasing groundwater levels. The study also focuses on methods to recharge the semi-confined aquifer, which is overlain by a 12-m-thick clay layer. A suitability analysis concludes that recharge using the direct technique can convert the total fallow land to agricultural land with crop, thus further increasing the productivity of the region. Keywords Groundwater modeling · Remote sensing · GIS · Recharge
12.1 Introduction In this digital and industrial era, rapid industrialization, urbanization, pollution, uneven rainfall, increased agricultural needs, etc., have led to a shortage of freshwater in many parts of the world. Continuous and excessive use of surface water alone may lead to many other problems like water logging, which may make the fertile lands unproductive. Usage of groundwater may solve these problems, whereas excessive Y. B. Katpatal Department of Civil Engineering, VNIT, Nagpur, India e-mail: ybkatpatal@rediffmail.com P. Thakare (B) · S. N. S. Maunika Water Resource Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, VNIT, Nagpur, India e-mail: pthakare73@gmail.com S. N. S. Maunika e-mail: samhi.sns@gmail.com © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 A. Pandey et al. (eds.), Water Management and Water Governance, Water Science and Technology Library 96, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58051-3_12
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withdrawals lead to lowering of water tables, drying up of wells, and an increase in the heads for pumping water. Hence, there is a need to keep a special emphasis on sustainable development of water resources and management. Surface water can be estimated by various methods, whereas groundwater needs modeling. The infiltration parameters and the hydraulic conductivity were calibrated in the MODFLOW, by using steady-state approach to match with the study area field conditions. The parameters were verified and optimized for a transient model (Michl 1996). Numerical models provide flexibility for analysis of groundwater application, and these methods generally involve approximating continuous partial differential equations (Faust and Mercer 1980). The numerical models which represent the hydro-geological condition of the area often require large data set, w
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