Group V Elements (V, Nb and Ta) Doped CeO 2 Particles for Efficient Photo-Oxidation of Methylene Blue Dye
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Group V Elements (V, Nb and Ta) Doped CeO2 Particles for Efficient Photo‑Oxidation of Methylene Blue Dye Wairakpam Chinglembi Chanu1 · Aayush Gupta2 · Mahesh K. Singh3 · O. P. Pandey2 Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 12 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A facile chemical route was adopted to synthesize doped C eO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with group V elements (V, Nb and Ta) as dopants. Successful incorporation of dopants was confirmed with higher angle shift of diffraction peaks in X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. As a result of doping, a red shift in the absorption edge has also been observed with significant decrement in optical band gap (3.3 → 2.7 eV). Surface chemical composition was also determined with the help of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in which presence of dopants supported the XRD results. The associated structural modifications (O-defects) has also been determined by Raman spectroscopy in order to understand the structure-optical co-relationship. Here, the detailed photodegradation of methylene blue dye revealed the effect of individual chemical characteristics of dopants on optical and electronic transitions between valence and conduction band edges of prepared CeO2. Further, the prepared Nbdoped CeO2 exhibited better photocatalytic efficiency (96.8%) as compared to other samples with excellent reusability upto 4 continuous cycles. Keywords Group V elements · Doped C eO2 nanoparticles · Methylene blue · Photocatalysis · Photo-oxidation
1 Introduction Our planet is suffering from air and water-borne diseases which got transmitted to human body through various media. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggested that almost 2 million deaths are being occurring every year due to water pollution in which majority of them are children below 5 years of age. Here, it has become necessity to decontaminate the polluted water resource by using renewable energy sources. In the same view, different research groups are developing variety of wastewater treatment systems in Wairakpam Chinglembi Chanu and Aayush Gupta have contributed equally to this study. * Aayush Gupta [email protected] 1
Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Mount Carmel College (Autonomous), Bangalore 560052, India
2
Functional Materials Lab, School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
3
Force Microscopy Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
which reverse osmosis, adsorption, filtration etc. are some of the major techniques to produce potable water [1–4]. Among above-mentioned approaches, advanced oxidation process (AOP) consists the utilization of reactive oxidative species (ROS) e.g. hydroxyl radical (OH⋅ ) , superoxide anion radical (O2−.), hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2) etc. to oxidize organic effluents in the presence of catalyst under electromagnetic radiations [5–7]. Semiconducting oxide(s) are considered as the most pro
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