Growth-limiting factors and climate response variability in Norway spruce ( Picea abies L.) along an elevation and preci
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Growth-limiting factors and climate response variability in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) along an elevation and precipitation gradients in Slovenia Jernej Jevšenak 1 & Ivan Tychkov 2 & Jožica Gričar 1 & Tom Levanič 1 & Jan Tumajer 3,4 & Peter Prislan 5 & Domen Arnič 5 & Margarita Popkova 2 & Vladimir V. Shishov 2 Received: 11 June 2020 / Revised: 21 September 2020 / Accepted: 11 October 2020 # ISB 2020
Abstract Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) is among the most sensitive coniferous species to ongoing climate change. However, previous studies on its growth response to increasing temperatures have yielded contrasting results (from stimulation to suppression), suggesting highly site-specific responses. Here, we present the first study that applies two independent approaches, i.e. the nonlinear, process-based Vaganov-Shashkin (VS) model and linear daily response functions. Data were collected at twelve sites in Slovenia differing in climate regimes and ranging elevation between 170 and 1300 m a.s.l. VS model results revealed that drier Norway spruce sites at lower elevations are mostly moisture limited, while moist high-elevation sites are generally more temperature limited. Daily response functions match well the pattern of growth-limiting factors from the VS model and further explain the effect of climate on radial growth: prevailing growth-limiting factors correspond to the climate variable with higher correlations. Radial growth correlates negatively with rising summer temperature and positively with higher spring precipitation. The opposite response was observed for the wettest site at the highest elevation, which positively reacts to increased summer temperature and will most likely benefit from a warming climate. For all other sites, the future radial growth of Norway spruce largely depends on the balance between spring precipitation and summer temperature. Keywords Vaganov-Shashkin model . Climate-growth correlations . Tree rings . Process-based modelling . dendroTools . Dendroclimatology
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-02033-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jernej Jevšenak [email protected] 1
Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
2
Laboratory for Integral Studies of Forest Dynamics of Eurasia, Siberian Federal University, Akademgorodok St., 50/2, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660075
3
Department of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
4
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
5
Department of Forest Technique and Economics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Introduction Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) is among the most important European tree species from both an economic and ecological point of view (Caudullo et
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