Growth phase-associated changes in the transcriptome and proteome of Streptococcus pyogenes
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Growth phase-associated changes in the transcriptome and proteome of Streptococcus pyogenes Michelle A. Chaussee Æ Alexander V. Dmitriev Æ Eduardo A. Callegari Æ Michael S. Chaussee
Received: 3 May 2007 / Revised: 19 June 2007 / Accepted: 4 July 2007 / Published online: 31 July 2007 Springer-Verlag 2007
Abstract Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for approximately 500,000 deaths each year worldwide. Many of the associated virulence factors are expressed in a growth phase-dependent manner. To identify growth phase-associated changes in expression on a genomescale, the exponential and stationary phase transcriptomes and proteomes of S. pyogenes strain NZ131 (serotype M49) were compared by using Affymetrix NimbleExpress gene chips and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. At the transcript level, the expression of 689 genes, representing approximately 40% of the chromosome, differed by twofold or more between the two growth phases. The majority of transcripts that were more abundant in the early-stationary phase encoded proteins involved in energy conversion, transport, and metabolism. At the protein level, an average of 527 and 403 protein spots were detected in the exponential and stationary phases of growth, respectively. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify 172 protein spots, 128 of which were growth phase regulated.
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-007-0290-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. A. Chaussee A. V. Dmitriev E. A. Callegari M. S. Chaussee (&) Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Lee Medical Building, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069-2390, USA e-mail: [email protected] A. V. Dmitriev Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Enzymes involved in glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism and several stress-responsive proteins were more abundant in the stationary phase of growth. Overall, the results identified growth phase-regulated genes in strain NZ131 and revealed significant post-transcriptional complexity associated with pathogen adaptation to the stationary phase of growth. Keywords 2-DE Proteomics Transcriptome Growth phase Group A streptococcus Bacterial pathogenesis Abbreviations THY Todd-Hewitt yeast extract broth 2-DE Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
Introduction Streptococcus pyogenes is the cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Colonization can result in asymptomatic carriage or uncomplicated pharyngitis, as well as life-threatening diseases such as streptococcal toxic shock and necrotizing fasciitis. Each year, approximately 1.8 million people in the United States are diagnosed with streptococcal pharyngitis, with an associated cost of over $100 million (Neuner et al. 2003). Worldwide, nearly 700,000 people acquire an invasive infection, which has a mortality rate a
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