Gut microbiota profile and selected plasma metabolites in type 1 diabetes without and with stratification by albuminuria
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ARTICLE
Gut microbiota profile and selected plasma metabolites in type 1 diabetes without and with stratification by albuminuria Signe A. Winther 1,2 & Peter Henriksen 1 & Josef K. Vogt 3 & Tue H. Hansen 3 & Linda Ahonen 1,4 & Tommi Suvitaival 1 & Emilie Hein Zobel 1 & Marie Frimodt-Møller 1 & Tine W. Hansen 1 & Torben Hansen 3 & Hans-Henrik Parving 5 & Cristina Legido-Quigley 1,6 & Peter Rossing 1,7 & Oluf Pedersen 3 Received: 25 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Aims/hypothesis Abnormal gut microbiota and blood metabolome profiles have been reported both in children and adults with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes as well as in adults with type 1 diabetes and advanced stages of diabetic nephropathy. In this study we aimed to investigate the gut microbiota and a panel of targeted plasma metabolites in individuals with type 1 diabetes of long duration without and with different levels of albuminuria. Methods In a cross-sectional study we included 161 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 50 healthy control individuals. Individuals with type 1 diabetes were categorised into three groups according to historically measured albuminuria: (1) normoalbuminuria (18 years of age and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes according to the WHOcriteria. Exclusion criteria were: (1) non-diabetic kidney disease; (2) renal failure (eGFR
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