Hairy root culture technology: applications, constraints and prospect
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MINI-REVIEW
Hairy root culture technology: applications, constraints and prospect Saikat Gantait 1
&
Eashan Mukherjee
Received: 6 October 2020 / Revised: 4 November 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Hairy root (HR) culture, a successful biotechnology combining in vitro tissue culture with recombinant DNA machinery, is intended for the genetic improvement of plants. This technology has been put to use since the last three decades for genetic advancement of medicinal and aromatic plants and also to harvest the economical products in the form of secondary metabolites that are significantly important for their ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties. It also provides an efficient way out for the quicker extraction and quantification of the valuable phytochemicals. The current review provides an account of the in vitro HR culture technology and its wide-scale applications in the field of research as well as in pharmaceutical industries. Different facets of HR with respect to the culture establishment, phytochemical production as well as research investigations concerning the areas of gene manipulation, biotransformation of the secondary metabolites, phytoremediation, their industrial utilisations and different problems encountered during the application of this technology have been covered in this appraisal. Eventually, an idea has been provided on HR about the recent trends on the progress of this technology that may open up newer prospects in near future and calls for further research and explorations in this field.
Key points • Genetic engineering–based HR culture aims towards enhanced secondary metabolite production. • This review explores an insight in the HR technology and its multi-faceted approaches. • Up-to-date ground-breaking research applications and constraints of HR culture are discussed. Keywords Biotransformation . Genetic engineering . In vitro regeneration . Phytoremediation . Secondary metabolites
Introduction Hairy root (HR) culture technology is a novel biotechnological approach that aims towards the genetic and biochemical improvement of various important medicinal plants (Gantait et al. 2020). An array of secondary metabolites is found in different plants with medicinal value. Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenolics and other aromatic amino acid derivatives constitute the major bulk of these phytobiochemicals. Naturally, these biochemicals are biosynthesised through Saikat Gantait and Eashan Mukherjee contributed equally to this work. * Saikat Gantait [email protected] 1
Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
different metabolic pathways in plants involving different enzymes or their complexes. These secondary metabolites are found in multiple plant parts such as floral buds, leaves, barks, seeds and, most importantly, in the roots. Extraction of these useful biochemicals (that have remarkable pharmacological, medici
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