Handbook of Atomization and Sprays Theory and Applications
The Handbook of Atomization and Sprays presents the fundamentals, as well as applied material from all fields into one thorough, comprehensive resource. Subject areas included in the reference are droplets, theoretical models and numerical simulations, ph
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N. Ashgriz Editor
Handbook of Atomization and Sprays Theory and Applications
Editor N. Ashgriz University of Toronto Dept. Mechanical & Industrial Engineering King’s College Road 5 M5S 3G8 Toronto Ontario Canada [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-7263-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7264-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7264-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011922132 # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
This book is intended to provide an overview of the processes that occur in atomization and spray systems. It covers both the classical, theoretical concepts of atomization and more recent developments. The book is organized into four parts. Part I deals with the basic elements of a liquid that form a spray. These are liquid jets, sheets, and drops. Part II deals with theories of atomization and sprays. Part III discusses spray nozzles and their behavior. Part IV concludes with spray applications. The atomization process is very complex, involving highly turbulent and convoluted interfaces as well as breakup and coalescence of liquid masses. However, the models currently used to describe the atomization process are based on simple laminar instability theories. In many spray nozzles, a liquid is forced through an orifice. These types of nozzles form a liquid jet at low injection pressures. Therefore, the instability theory of liquid jets is used as a first estimate of the droplets that may be formed by these nozzles. In many other spray nozzles, a liquid sheet is formed prior to atomization. Therefore, the instability theory of a liquid sheet is used for these prefilming nozzles. Part I introduces the instability theories for these two configurations. Linear and nonlinear instabilities of a free liquid jet moving in air and subject to small perturbations are discussed in Chap. 1. These theories intend to provide the growth rate of a disturbance wave. The growth rate of the fastest growing disturbance is later used in the atomization theories to obtain a droplet size due to the breakup of a jet. Therefore, the linear theories provide an estimate of the main droplet size emerging from capillary breakup. Formation of satellite droplets and other
