Handshaking of VSG with charging station to support the frequency in microgrid
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Handshaking of VSG with charging station to support the frequency in microgrid Karanveer Dhingra1
· Mukesh Singh1
Received: 24 January 2020 / Accepted: 29 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In today’s scenario, frequency regulation is the main concern in islanded microgrids (MG). This concern of frequency in MG can be sorted out in various ways. Several authors have used different strategies to support the MG’s frequency. Handshaking of charging stations (CS) among each other through proper control mechanism can be one of the approaches to sort out fluctuation of frequency in MG. In this paper, novel handshaking process among multiple CS has been carried out by using virtual synchronous generator (VSG). These multiple CS coordinate with each other to accomplish the handshaking process by controlling the charging and discharging of electric vehicle (EV) batteries through VSG mechanism. Fleet of EVs placed at these CS act as an energy storage device for MG. Aggregator plays a role to collect the information from multiple CS about the charging requirements of the EVs. To accomplish the process of handshaking, simulations have been carried out in MATLAB simscape by considering the different case studies. In these case studies, diverse fleet of EVs are assumed to be deployed at the CS. From the simulation results, it has been observed that each individual EV deployed at the CS participate in the charging and discharging of their batteries to achieve the process of handshaking and hence to provide the support to MG’s frequency through VSG mechanism. Further, the analysis of the effects of variation of the PV array irradiance on the charging and discharging of EV batteries has also been done during the handshaking process. Keywords Charging station · Electric vehicle · Microgrid · Virtual synchronous generator
1 Introduction Nowadays, intake of electric vehicles (EVs) in the market is increasing day by day. Even governments are providing sufficient amount of incentives to the customers to promote the growth of EVs. However, most of the time they remain in idle state. Moreover, in day-to-day life they remain parked in the shopping malls, cinema halls and office buildings. This parking duration of EVs for which they are in idle state can be used for providing energy to the microgrid (MG). These vehicles can be used for the energy management schemes [1, 2] by integrating them with the commercial buildings, houses and charging stations (CS). With the use of EVs, emission of harmful gases can be reduced to a large extent in both the transportation and power sector. Batteries of EV can be used in a bidirectional way through vehicle to grid (V2G) and
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Karanveer Dhingra [email protected] Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
grid to vehicle (G2V) techniques. EVs as an energy storage system (ESS) can be used for the power management in MG. [3], thus they can be used for providing the
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