Hardness and friction performance of poly(methylmethacrylate)/ biphasic calcium phosphate coating on steel
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Hardness and friction performance of poly(methylmethacrylate)/ biphasic calcium phosphate coating on steel J. Aguirre-Garcia1, C. Hernández-Navarro1, K. J. Moreno-Bello1, A. Arizmendi-Morquecho2, A. Chávez- Valdez3, D. Aguilera-Camacho1, J. S. García -Miranda1. 1 Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, México, 2Cimav-Unidad Monterrey, México, 3Katcon Institute for Innovation and Technology, KIIT, México. ABSTRACT Poly(methyl methacrylate)/biphasic calcium phosphate (PMMA/BCP) coating has been prepared by mixing BCP in situ with the poly(methyl methacrylate) obtained from methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization. For comparative studies, concentration of BCP into PMMA matrix was varied in order to determine the influence of BCP incorporation into PMMA matrix on the hardness and friction behavior. The micro-hardness of PMMA/BCP coatings on stainless steel was evaluated using a Vickers hardness tester, while the wear tests for PMMA/BCP coatings on stainless steel were carried out on a CSM tribometer in dry conditions with normal load of 2 N. The incorporation of BCP into the polymer matrix significantly improves the microhardness of PMMA increasing to 15 % with 0.25 wt.% of BCP content. Whereas, the lowest friction coefficient value µk = 0.35 was obtained for PMAA/BCP with 0.35wt.% of BCP. INTRODUCTION The fundamental requirements of biomaterials used in tissue regeneration are biocompatible surfaces and favourable mechanical properties [1]. Given the complexity and the range of applications polymeric biomaterials are currently used, there is not just one polymeric system available that could be considered as an ideal biomaterial [2]. This underlines the necessity for new materials with properties resembling those of bone tissue; this has led many researchers to test new polymer blends and composites when looking for higher strength and biocompatibility [3]. The polymer nanocomposites are the result of the combination of polymers and inorganic/organic fillers at nanometric scale. The interaction between nanostructures and polymer matrix is the basis for enhanced mechanical and functional properties of the nanocomposites as compared to conventional micro-composites. Nanocomposite materials often show an excellent balance between strength and toughness and usually improved characteristics compared to their individual components [2]. The inorganic nanoparticles not only provide mechanical and thermal stability, besides, new functionalities depend on the chemical nature, the structure, the size, and the crystallinity of the inorganic nanoparticles, improving the some properties such as mechanical, thermal, electronic, magnetic and redox properties, to mention some [4]. A variety of calcium phosphates (CPs) reinforced polymers are under investigation for use in several of orthopedic applications, including synthetic bone graft, implant fixation, and bone ingrowth or tissue engineering scaffolds [5]. Calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (HA)-reinforced polymers have many potential clinical applications including use as bone ce
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