In vivo evaluation of interactions between biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)-niobium pentoxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) nanocomposite
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BIOCOMPATIBILITY STUDIES Original Research
In vivo evaluation of interactions between biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)-niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) nanocomposite and tissues using a rat critical-size calvarial defect model Helio de Jesus Kiyochi Junior1 Aline Gabriela Candido1 Taiana Gabriela Moretti Bonadio2 José Adauto da Cruz3 Mauro Luciano Baesso 3 Wilson Ricardo Weinand3 Luzmarina Hernandes1 ●
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Received: 19 December 2019 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Natural or synthetic biomaterials are increasingly being used to support bone tissue repair or substitution. The combination of natural calcium phosphates with biocompatible alloys is an important route towards the development of new biomaterials with bioperformance and mechanical responses to mimic those of human bones. This article evaluated the structural, physical, mechanical and biological properties of a new mechanical improved nanocomposite elaborated by association of fish biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5). The nanocomposite (Nb-BCP) and the pure BCP, used as a positive control, were obtained by powder metallurgy. The density, porosity and microhardness were measured. The structural analysis was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the biological properties were studied in histological sections of critical size calvaria defects in rats, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after implantation of disks of both materials. Morphological description was made after scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy analysis. After sintering, the Nb-BCP nanocomposite presented four crystalline phases: 34.36% calcium niobate (CaNb2O6), 21.68% phosphorus niobium oxide (PNb9O25), 42.55% β-tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) and 1.31% of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) and exhibited increases of 17% in density, 66% in Vickers microhardness and 180% in compressive strength compared to pure BCP. In vivo study, showed biocompatibility, bioactivity and osteoconductivity similar to pure BCP. SEM showed the formation of globular accretions over the implanted nanocomposites, representing one of the stages of bone mineralization. In conclusion, the BCP and Nb2O5 formed a nanocomposite exhibiting characteristics that are desirable for a biomaterial, such as bioperformance, higher β-TCP percentage and improved physical and mechanical properties compared to pure BCP. These characteristics demonstrate the promise of this material for supporting bone regeneration.
* Luzmarina Hernandes [email protected] 1
Morphologycal Sciences Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
2
Physics Department, Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
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Physics Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine (2020)31:71
Graphical Abstract
1 Introduction For the development of high-performance biomaterials, unde
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