Heart shaped reconfigurable band-notched ultra-wide band antenna using electromagnetic band-gap structure and varactor d
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Heart shaped reconfigurable band-notched ultra-wide band antenna using electromagnetic band-gap structure and varactor diodes Ahmed S. Elkorany1,2 • Hesham A. Mohamed3 • Zeinab F. Elsharkawy4
•
Demyana A. Saleeb5
Received: 6 November 2019 / Revised: 6 June 2020 / Accepted: 26 July 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Heart shaped reconfigurable band notched UWB microstrip line fed monopole antenna using two mushrooms like electromagnetic band gaps (EBGs) loaded by two varactor diodes has been developed, examined and fabricated. The effect of EBG dimensions, on the notch frequency, was first examined. A notched frequency of 5.3 GHz is obtained when two square EBGs with rectangular slits are used with length equal 7.5 mm and gap, g = 0.5 mm. The EBGs is loaded by a varactor diode to achieve re-configurability. The notch frequency covers WiMAX when varactor capacitance C = 0.7 pF and covers WLAN when C = 0.1pF. Also, the notch can be easily eliminated by decreasing the capacitance below 0.1 pF. A prototype of the proposed antenna using single capacitor elements with capacitances 0.6 pF is fabricated and S11 is measured. Notch frequency at 4 GHz is obtained in both simulated and measured antenna structures. The antenna with EBG has a directive radiation pattern in E-plane and omnidirectional pattern in H-plane. Also, the gain is suppressed in the notched frequencies. The group delay is nearly stable in the UWB frequency range, except at the notch frequencies, which is distorted sharply. FEM and FIT are hired to simulate the proposed antenna structure using HFSS and CST respectively. Very good agreement between both results has been obtained. Keywords UWB Notch frequency Varactor diode EBG FEM HFSS FIT CST Reconfigurable antenna
1 Introduction
& Zeinab F. Elsharkawy [email protected] Ahmed S. Elkorany [email protected] Hesham A. Mohamed [email protected] Demyana A. Saleeb [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
2
High Institute of Electronic Engineering, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Belbeis, Elsharkia, Egypt
3
Electronics Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
4
Engineering Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
5
Faculty of Engineering, Kafr ElShiekh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
The federal communications commission (FCC) in 2002 has entitled to the unlicensed use of the 3.1–10.6 GHz spectrum for UWB applications. Ground penetrating radars, high data rate short range wireless local area network (WLAN) and military communication systems are examples for these applications. UWB has advantages such as high data rate, low cost, low power consumption [1]. Planner monopole antennas have some interesting features such as low cost, ease of fabrication, low profile, wide bandwidth, and high radiation efficiency so that it is one of the most common UW
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