A Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna
A novel microstrip antenna with the frequency reconfiguration characteristic is proposed in this article. A U-slot has been introduced in the square patch. The slot is switched on and off by using three PIN diodes, which realizes the frequency reconfigura
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Abstract A novel microstrip antenna with the frequency reconfiguration characteristic is proposed in this article. A U-slot has been introduced in the square patch. The slot is switched on and off by using three PIN diodes, which realizes the frequency reconfiguration characteristics. The antenna has been studied with Zeland’s IE3D, simulated return loss and radiation results are proposed in this article. As the results show, from 3.85 to 7.05 GHz, the antenna can operate at six different frequencies with similar radiation patterns. The antenna has 2 dB gain flatness with the maximum gain being 5 dBi over the whole range. The conclusion that radiation performance within the operating bandwidth of the antenna is stable can be obtained. Keywords Frequency • Reconfigurable • Antenna microstrip antenna • PIN diode
1 Introduction Frequency reconfigurable antennas have the advantages of compact size, multiband capability. As the same time, the shape of the radiation patterns of the antennas must maintain unchanged when the operating frequencies are switched from one band to the other. Various methods have been reported in the literature to achieve reconfigurable antennas such as using PIN switches tuning the antenna [1], varying the ground plane electrical length [2] supporting a patch antenna or changing the
Y. Cheng (*) • Z. Wang • X. Liu • H. Zhu College of Electronics Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China e-mail: [email protected] W. Wang (ed.), Mechatronics and Automatic Control Systems, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 237, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-01273-5_104, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
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induced electric current distribution [3]. The reconfigurable operating frequencies [4] obtained by switching different feeding location. Several reconfigurable antenna designs [5, 6] has been reported for the flexibility of integrating electronic switches. In this article, a frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna is investigated. The reconfiguration has been carried by etched a U-slot into the patch. The frequency characteristic has been realized by switching three PIN diodes on the slot on and off configurations. The geometrics of the antenna and the results will be explained in next sections. The full-wave electromagnetic simulation and analysis for the proposed antenna has been performed using Zeland’s IE3D, which is based on the Method of Moments (MoM). Return loss, radiation pattern and the gain of the antenna are simulated and the results are presented. The antenna shows similar pattern and flat gain at different operating frequencies.
2 Design of the Antenna The geometry and coordination of the antenna is shown in Fig. 1. It is a microstrip patch antenna with a U-slot. The antenna has been designed on a PCB with the relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate is 2.2, loss tanδ is 0.001, thickness h ¼ 3 mm and surface area is A B. To obtain
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