Trajectory analysis of the charged droplet during electrohydrodynamic jet printing
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TECHNICAL PAPER
Trajectory analysis of the charged droplet during electrohydrodynamic jet printing Lingpeng Liu1 • Xue Yang2 • Biyao Zhang2 • Zhifu Yin2,3
•
Helin Zou1
Received: 14 September 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing is a promising direct writing method to produce micro- and nano-scale dots due to its easy manipulation, high resolution, and low cost. The effect of printing conditions on the diameter of printed dots was widely studied by both experiments and simulations. However, positional precision is also important for EHD printing. There is no published work on numerical simulation for the trajectory analysis of the ejected droplet. In the present work, a finite element model was established to investigate the droplet trajectory. The influencing factors, such as nozzle size, nozzle angle, applied voltage, ink density, and charge number in one droplet, were considered during numerical simulation. The influence of influencing factors on the electric intensity, droplet speed, and deposition direction was analyzed. The proposed simulation model provides a useful tool to analyze the droplet formation process and optimize the printing parameters to improve the positional precision of EHD printing.
1 Introduction Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing is a promising technique for additive fabrication of high resolution structures with low cost (Zhu et al. 2019). Due to its advantages, such as nano-scale resolution, clean-room independence, and good compatibility both for inks and substrates, EHD jet printing has attracted extensive research interests and has been successfully applied for micro- and nano-structures fabrication in a wide range of applications, e.g. wearable electronics (Schneider et al. 2016), quantum dots (Han and Dong 2018; Nguyen et al. 2018), field-effect transistors (Jeong et al. 2016), and solar cells (Lee and Kim 2015; Shin et al. 2015).
& Zhifu Yin [email protected] & Helin Zou [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and Systems of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
3
State Key Laboratory of of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Comparing with the conventional inkjet printing, EHD jet printing, theoretically, has no resolution limitation problem. For inkjet printing, the droplets are pushed out by pressure caused by thermal or volumetric changes (Li et al. 2019). According to Hagen-Poiseuille theory [9], the required smallest pressure to eject a droplet will increase with the downscaling of the nozzle inner-diameter. So inner-diameter of inkjet printing nozzle couldn’t be small. In addition, nowadays the pressure for commercial inkjetprinting system is provided by PZT (piezoelectric transducer). PZT
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