The study on electric field distribution and droplet trajectory during electrohydrodynamic jet printing
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TECHNICAL PAPER
The study on electric field distribution and droplet trajectory during electrohydrodynamic jet printing Wenzheng Wu1 • Xue Yang1 • Biyao Zhang1 • Zhifu Yin1,2
•
Bingqiang Jia3
Received: 17 August 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract EHD (Electrohydrodynamic) printing is a photomask-free and direct writing technique for alternative fabrication of high resolution micro- and nano-structures with low cost and simple equipment. It is critical to understand the motion trajectory of the ejected droplet under electric filed so as to precisely control the printing process. However, there is no work which analyzed this issue previously. Thus in this paper, a finite element model was established to study the electric field distribution near the nozzle and analyze the motion trajectory of the ejected droplet during EHD printing. By using established finite element method, the electric field distribution in the nozzle and near the nozzle tip was investigated. The influence of printing distance and applied potential on the maximum electric field intensity was analyzed. Based on the electric field distribution study, the droplet trajectory analysis was carried out to confirm the motion velocity and direction of the ejected droplets.
1 Introduction Direct writing techniques show their great potential in for fabrication of wearable electronics (Schneider et al. 2016), transparent heaters (Zhu et al. 2019a, b), field-effect transistors (Jeong et al. 2016) and so on. Ink jet printing is a well developed direct writing technique and has been widely used in nowadays. However, ink-jet printing has its limited printing resolution. Since it is pressure-driven, the droplets are ejected by pressure changes of the ink-chamber. The diameter of the droplets is mostly determined by the orifice size of the nozzle. Many efforts have been made on decreasing the orifice to get higher printing resolution. According to Hagen–Poiseuille theory (Loudon and McCulloh 1999), the required pressure to eject droplets will scale up significantly as the decline of the orifice. It gives rise to a high actuation requirement and cost to the & Zhifu Yin [email protected] 1
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
2
State Key Laboratory of of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
3
Tianjin FAW XIALI Automobile Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300201, China
ink-supply system. Especially for some viscous inks, inkjet printing cannot therefore be accessible when the orifice is small. It is reported that the highest resolution of ink-jet printing is only about 20 lm (Wei et al. 2014). To obtain sub-micro scale resolution, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing has been developed in recent years. It is electrostatic field actuated rather than pressure based. It can even print nano-scale patterns using microscale orifices. In
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