Hierarchical routing protocols for wireless sensor network: a compressive survey
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Hierarchical routing protocols for wireless sensor network: a compressive survey Louie Chan1 • Karina Gomez Chavez1
•
Heiko Rudolph1 • Akram Hourani1
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of the key enabling technologies for the internet of things (IoT). WSNs play a major role in data communications in applications such as home, health care, environmental monitoring, smart grids, and transportation. WSNs are used in IoT applications and should be secured and energy efficient in order to provide highly reliable data communications. Because of the constraints of energy, memory and computational power of the WSN nodes, clustering algorithms are considered as energy efficient approaches for resource-constrained WSNs. In this paper, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs. We first present the most relevant previous work in routing protocols surveys then highlight our contribution. Next, we outline the background, robustness criteria, and constraints of WSNs. This is followed by a survey of different WSN routing techniques. Routing techniques are generally classified as flat, hierarchical, and location-based routing. This survey focuses on the deep analysis of WSN hierarchical routing protocols. We further classify hierarchical protocols based on their routing techniques. We carefully choose the most relevant state-of-the-art protocols in order to compare and highlight the advantages, disadvantage and performance issues of each routing technique. Finally, we conclude this survey by presenting a comprehensive survey of the recent improvements of low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy routing protocols and a comparison of the different versions presented in the literature. Keywords Wireless sensor networks Routing protocols Internet of things Hierarchical routing protocols
1 Introduction The recent rapid development of WSNs has increased the range of WSN applications and their scale [1]. Popular examples are smart grids and renewable energy systems in which large quantities of data are required to be collected. WSNs have multiple applications, for example to help
This article is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Heiko Rudolph, our lovely friend and colleague full of positive energy. & Karina Gomez Chavez [email protected] Louie Chan [email protected] Akram Hourani [email protected] 1
School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
manage peak load and optimize electricity generating resources. With the growing size of smart grids, there are increasing challenges in maintaining a networks’ performance, reliability, stability, economy of scale [1, 2]. WSNs can give many benefits over traditional communications used in existing electrical power systems. WSNs have been increasingly adopted as a useful technology to improve different areas of electric power systems, finding applications in the various stages of electrici
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