A New Top-Down Hierarchical Multi-hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
This paper proposes a new top-down hierarchical, multi-hop, routing protocol for the wireless sensor networks. The proposed solution is appropriate for random deployment and suitable for different sizes of target areas. This protocol forms clusters in whi
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Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna, India [email protected] 2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India [email protected]
Abstract. This paper proposes a new top-down hierarchical, multi-hop, routing protocol for the wireless sensor networks. The proposed solution is appropriate for random deployment and suitable for different sizes of target areas. This protocol forms clusters in which each cluster member is at one hop distance from the cluster head. This protocol ensures the participation of all the cluster heads in hierarchical topology formation. The proposed protocol is also capable of handling dynamic nature of the wireless sensor networks. The simulation results show the scalability of the proposed approach.
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Introduction
Advancement in technologies has enabled the development of multi-functional tiny devices known as sensor nodes [1]. These nodes consist of sensing, data processing and communicating components. Network of sensor nodes is known as wireless sensor network (WSN). WSN is a specific kind of ad hoc network. WSN can be used in multiple applications in different spheres of life like monitoring applications, acoustic detection, seismic detection, military surveillance, inventory tracking etc. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 summarizes the related work. Section 3 describes the assumptions, notations, the algorithm, and provides comparison with PEGASIS [2] protocol. Section 4 presents implementation details and simulation results. Finally, section 5 concludes the paper.
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Related Work
This section presents the related work on routing protocols for WSNs. These routing protocols shaped understanding of the problem.
He is also a Ph.D. candidate at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India.
S. Rao et al. (Eds.): ICDCN 2008, LNCS 4904, pp. 428–433, 2008. c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008
A New Top-Down Hierarchical Multi-hop Routing Protocol for WSNs
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Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) [3] is a hierarchical protocol. It uses single hop routing. This protocol assumes that all the nodes begin with equal energy capacity in each election round which is difficult to achieve. The above assumptions for the LEACH are not feasible for relatively larger target areas. Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient protocols (TEEN) [4], a hierarchical protocol, tries to minimize the communications by using two threshold values namely, hard and soft. TEEN protocol is not suitable for applications which require reporting of each event which occurs in the target area. AdaPtive Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient protocol (APTEEN) [5] is an extension to TEEN. APTEEN is a hybrid protocol. Transmission of sensed data is similar to TEEN except, if a node does not send data for a time period equal to the count time, it is forced to sense and retransmit the data. Power-Efficient GAthering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) [2] forms a
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