Hierarchical WSN protocol with fuzzy multi-criteria clustering and bio-inspired energy-efficient routing (FMCB-ER)
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Hierarchical WSN protocol with fuzzy multi-criteria clustering and bio-inspired energy-efficient routing (FMCB-ER) Deepak Mehta 1
& Sharad Saxena
1
Received: 17 April 2020 / Revised: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) is used for monitoring and recording the physical environment and to transfer the sensed data to a central location by means of widely distributed sensor nodes. One of the major issues with WSNs is limited energy of sensor nodes and high energy consumption during data relay. An energy efficient routing protocol that consumes less energy in data transmission can enhance the network lifetime to a great extent. Considering it, this paper presents, a hierarchical routing protocol Fuzzy Multi-criteria Clustering and Bio-inspired Energy-efficient Routing (FMCB-ER) to enhance network lifetime thus improving upon the operational time of WSN based applications. Here in this approach a grid-based clustering technique is used to form the robust clusters. An adaptive Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (AF-MCDM) that combines Fuzzy-AHP and TOPSIS is then applied for optimum cluster head (CH) selection. For the purpose, the approach considers three broad parameters namely, energy, QoS and node position along with their six sub-criteria. After CH selection, the Emperor Penguin Optimization (EPO) is used to find optimal route for data transmission from CH to sink. The proposed method is evaluated and compared with other existing routing approaches on parameters of energy consumption, lifetime, throughput, end to end delay, jitter, packet delivery ratio, latency, number of dead, alive nodes. Simulation results confirm that the proposed approach outperforms the compared approaches on above discussed parameters. Especially, the proposed approach reduces the energy consumption up to 13% and increases the network lifetime up to 8% in comparison to compared approaches. Keywords Hierarchicalroutingprotocol . Grid cluster formation . Emperor penguin optimization . Multi criteria decision making
* Deepak Mehta [email protected] Sharad Saxena [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) are composed of huge number of small low-priced Sensor Nodes (SN) and a Base Station (BS) also known as sink [23]. These networks can easily and efficiently connect wide range of sensor nodes wirelessly. These networks are flexible and easily alterable because of its self-organizing capability. WSNs are preferred for several applications including the one supporting multimedia systems such as multimedia based surveillance, health care monitoring systems, tracking of habitants, Industrial control of processes, structural health monitoring and so on [28]. WSN is also a prime constituent in the development of IoT. IoT has many real-life applications in the modern world including smart cities
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