Hybrid energy efficient static routing protocol for homogeneous and heterogeneous large scale WSN
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Hybrid energy efficient static routing protocol for homogeneous and heterogeneous large scale WSN Hicham Qabouche1
•
Aı¨cha Sahel
1 •
Abdelmajid Badri1
Accepted: 25 September 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wireless sensor networks consist of a large number of nodes deployed randomly in an area of interest. Theses nodes have sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. In another hand nodes have energy constraints since they are equipped by non-rechargeable batteries. To handle this issue, routing protocols consist of designing the network in order to collect and transmit data with less energy consumption. In this paper we presented a new Hybrid Energy Efficient Static routing protocol (HEESR), combining between clustering and multi-hop routing techniques. HEESR is dividing the network into several levels. For each round, it creates clusters, route the collected data through gateways called Independent Nodes, elected using a new dynamic approach and introduces Dormant nodes. Finally, the proposed HEESR have improved network’s life time, throughput and other compared metrics, in both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks, and prolonged network’s stability zone up to 98.4% compared to LEACH, 98% compared to DEEC and up to 40.5% compared to SMR. Keywords WSN Hybrid routing Energy consumption Network lifetime Throughput
1 Introduction WSN has become a significant technology in the field of ubiquitous living and stays to be active research in many applications [1]. WSNs can give many benefits over traditional communications used in existing electrical power systems [2]. This type of networks have been increasingly adopted as a useful technology to improve different areas of electric power systems [3] and in IoT which is based on Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks [4]. In another hand, the energy harvesting problem in WSNs is attracting the attention of many researchers. This problem is caused by the fact that nodes are equipped with nonrechargeable batteries and often deployed in non-reachable areas. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specially designed for
WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue [5]. Although, routing protocols defines the structure of the network and data transmission strategy. For this reason, SMR [6] diveded the network into levels, counted from the BS, and introduces another type of nodes called independent nodes INs, created by limiting the number of cluster members to No, as in EDMHT-LEACH [7]. In addition, the cluster is divided into two levels, for that reason SMR consider inter and intra-cluster communication. The remainder of the paper is organized as follow: Sect. 1 illustrates the introductory part of the WSN and the routing techniques, Sect. 2 outlines some related works, inspired by to develop the proposed method. The radio model used in the paper is presented in Sect. 3. Section 4 describes the
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