Hierarchically Structured Carbonaceous Foams Generation and Their Use as Electrochemical Capacitors and Negative Electro
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Hierarchically Structured Carbonaceous Foams Generation and Their Use as Electrochemical Capacitors and Negative Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Devices Nicolas Brun1,2, Savari R.S. Prabaharan3,4, Mathieu Morcrette4, Marc Birot2, Gilles Pécastaing5, Raphaël Janot4 and Rénal Backov1 1 Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Pessac, France. 2 Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS – Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France. 3 Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Semenyih, Malaysia. 4 Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, CNRS – Université de Picardie, Amiens, France. 5 Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France. ABSTRACT Using a hard exotemplate procedure, hierarchically structured carbonaceous foams have been designed, using silica monolith as inorganic template and phenolic resin as carbon precursor. The open cell carbonaceous monoliths exhibit specific surface areas from 500 to 800 m2.g-1, essentially based on microporosity and macropores ranging from 0.05 up to 50 µm. Application as electrochemical energy storage devices have been checked and discuss inhere. INTRODUCTION Mainly induced by the wide scope of applications expected, designing hierarchically organised matter appears today as a strong and competitive field of research. The opportunity to combine the structural advantages of both macropores, providing interconnected framework while reducing the diffusion low kinetic issue, and micro-mesopores, generating high surface reactive areas, has led to novel synthetic routes to design functional architectures. In this context, has emerged the concept of “integrative chemistry” [1], combining general chemistry with complex fluids, with a view to obtain engineered hierarchical structures. With this aim, our research group has recently developed a new process to obtain macrocellular silica monoliths, labelled “Si-HIPE” (acronym refers to the High Internal Phase Emulsion process [2]), with a high control on the final macroscopic cells, by using concentrated direct emulsion and lyotropic mesophase [3]. Particularly, porous carbon materials are widely used in various areas as adsorbents for gas separation or wastewaters purification, electrodes for batteries or fuel cells, host sites for hydrogen storage and catalyst supports, mainly due to high surface area, chemical inertness and thermal stability. Over the last ten years, porous carbons with various pore sizes and pore structures have been synthesized using several different synthetic methods and templates [4], leading for instance to ordered mesoporous carbons [4b] or hierarchical interconnected carbon monoliths [4c]. In this direction, we designed hierarchically structured carbonaceous foams with a high control over macro-microporous structures, using SiHIPE as inorganic exotemplate and phenolic resin as carbon precursor [5]. EXPERIMENT Synthesis. Si(HIPE) synthesis. Typically, TEOS (5 g) was added to an aqueous solution of TTAB (16 g, 35 wt %) previously acidified (7 g of HCl
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