High-resolution taxonomic examination of the oral microbiome after oil pulling with standardized sunflower seed oil and
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
High-resolution taxonomic examination of the oral microbiome after oil pulling with standardized sunflower seed oil and healthy participants: a pilot study Tim Griessl 1 & Silke Zechel-Gran 1 & Stefan Olejniczak 1 & Markus Weigel 1 & Torsten Hain 1 & Eugen Domann 1 Received: 19 June 2018 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Objectives We aimed at the high-resolution examination of the oral microbiome depending on oil pulling, compared it with saline pulling, and analyzed whether the method is capable of reducing the overall microbial burden of the oral cavity. Materials and methods The study was a cohort study with three healthy subjects. Oil pulling samples, saline pulling samples, and saliva samples were microscoped and cultured under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions; colony-forming units were counted; and cultivated bacteria were identified employing MALDI-TOF MS. The oral microbiomes (saliva) and the microbiota incorporated in oil and saline pulling samples were determined in toto by using 16S rDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics. Results Microscopy revealed that oral epithelial cells are ensheathed with distinct oil droplets during oil pulling. Oil pulling induced a higher production of saliva and the oil/saliva emulsion contained more bacteria than saline pulling samples. Oil pulling resulted in a significant and transient reduction of the overall microbial burden in comparison to saliva examined prior to and after pulling. Both oil and saline pulling samples mirrored the individual oral microbiomes in saliva. Conclusions Within the limitations of this pilot study, it might be concluded that oil pulling is able to reduce the overall microbial burden of the oral cavity transiently and the microbiota in oil pulling samples are representative to the oral microbiome. Clinical relevance Within the limitations of this pilot study, it might be concluded that oil pulling can be considered as an enlargement of standard oral hygiene techniques since it has the characteristic of an oral massage, enwrapping epithelial cells carrying bacteria in oil vesicles and reaching almost all unique habitats in oral cavity. Keywords Oil pulling . Sunflower oil . Oral microbiome . Inflammation . Infection . Biofilm
* Eugen Domann [email protected] Tim Griessl [email protected] Silke Zechel-Gran [email protected] Stefan Olejniczak [email protected] Markus Weigel [email protected] Torsten Hain [email protected] 1
Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
Introduction The oral cavity is a very complex space of the human body providing unique habitats for microbial colonization comprising buccal and vestibular mucosa, lips, cheek, palate, tongue, and natural (teeth) and artificial solid surfaces (den
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