Highly responsive and selective formaldehyde sensor based on La 3+ -doped barium stannate microtubes prepared by electro
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Highly responsive and selective formaldehyde sensor based on La3+-doped barium stannate microtubes prepared by electrospinning Anish Bhattacharya1 , Yufang Jiang1, Qi Gao1, Xiangfeng Chu1,a), Yongping Dong1, Shiming Liang2,b), Amit K. Chakraborty3 1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, Anhui 240003, People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, People’s Republic of China Department of Physics and Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, WB 713209, India a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] 2 3
Received: 1 January 2019; accepted: 28 February 2019
La3+-doped BaSnO3 microtubes (La3+–BaSnO3) have been synthesized by electrospinning method, and the influence of La3+ content on the sensing properties of BaSnO3 for detection of formaldehyde vapor has been investigated. The as-prepared materials have been characterized using XRD, SEM, DSC, XPS, and UV-Vis. The La3+–BaSnO3 sample doped with 4 wt% La exhibited a response as high as 220 to formaldehyde vapor (1000 ppm concentration) along with a very low detection limit of 0.1 ppm at 270 °C, whereas at 140 °C, it exhibited a response of 80 and detection limit of 1 ppm. In addition, the sensor showed excellent selectivity of 57 to formaldehyde at 140 °C when compared with other vapors. Further, the sensor also showed good repeatability and stability over a long period of time suggesting its strong potential as a commercial formaldehyde sensor.
Introduction Environmental air quality is a major factor affecting human health; the presence of toxic gases in the air has been found to be responsible for serious respiratory illness [1]. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ever-increasing in our environment as they find more and more applications in our dayto-day activities, and some of them, such as formaldehyde, are known to be toxic to humans. VOC detection also finds application in noninvasive medical diagnosis. Hence, the detection of VOC has become an important aspect of current day research [2, 3]. Many active materials and techniques have been developed for the detection of VOCs [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Semiconductor metal oxides (SMOs) have shown promising application as resistive gas sensors as the resistance of these SMOs change sharply upon adsorption of a specific analyte (VOC vapor or gas) [9]. In recent years, nanometer scale SMOs having various size and shape have gained much interest in a number of applications including gas sensors due to their size-dependent properties [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
ª Materials Research Society 2019
20, 21]. Barium Stannate (BaSnO3, BSO) is one such SMO which, despite having shown its potential as sensor [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27], has not been well explored for sensor application. For example, BSO thin films, prepared through radio frequency sputtering, as reported by Ostrick et a
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