A Highly Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Sensor for Pentachlorophenol Based on Reduced Graphite Oxide-Silver Nan
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A Highly Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Sensor for Pentachlorophenol Based on Reduced Graphite Oxide-Silver Nanocomposites Ling Wang 1,2
&
Xiao Li 1 & Ran Yang 1 & Jian-Jun Li 1 & Ling-Bo Qu 1
Received: 10 March 2020 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pentachlorophenol (PCP), commonly used as a wood preservative, pesticide, and fungicide, is the most toxic of all chlorophenols and can accumulate in living organisms. It is of great significance to construct a sensitive method for the detection of PCP in real samples. In this study, a simple, novel, and sensitive electrochemical sensor for pentachlorophenol (PCP) was constructed by modifying glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with silver-reduced graphene oxide (AgNPs-rGO) nanocomposites. Due to the increased surface area, the extraordinary electron-transfer properties, and a stronger enrichment effect of AgNPs-rGO for PCP, the sensor based on AgNPs-rGO-modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for oxidation of PCP. Under the optimum conditions, the constructed PCP sensor shows a wide linear range of 0.008 to 10.0 μM. The detection limit is 0.001 μM, which is much lower than the recommended value of PCP in drinking water (0.0037 μM) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The sensor was successfully applied for the determination of PCP in vegetable with acceptable recoveries. The method was validated by high-performance liquid chromatography, which provided a new valuable platform for highly sensitive and rapid determination of PCP in real samples. Keywords AgNPs-rGO nanocomposites . Pentachlorophenol . Electrochemical sensor . High-sensitivity
Introduction Chlorophenols are very toxic chemicals that are produced by adding chlorine to the phenol. It was found that their toxicity increased with the increase of chlorine atoms in the molecule, among which pentachlorophenol (PCP) was the most toxic (Michałowicz and Duda 2007; Steiert et al. 1987). However, PCP is widely used as a wood preservative, pesticide, bactericide, and fungicide. Owing to its high toxicity, long persistence, and recalcitrance to degrade, it can accumulate in living organisms, and result in carcinogenicity, acute toxicity, and other adverse reactions. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a simple, sensitive, and repaid method to determine the trace level of PCP in various
* Ran Yang [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
2
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, People’s Republic of China
environmental samples. Some methods have been developed to detect PCP in contaminated samples such as gas chromatography (Leblanc et al. 1999), high-performance liquid chromatography (Baiocchi et al. 1995; Han et al. 2005), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Mardones et al. 2003), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Chuang et al. 2006), phosphoresce
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