Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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REVIEW
Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis Lane B. Donaldson1 Flora Yan1 Patrick F. Morgan1 John M. Kaczmar2 Jyotika K. Fernandes3 Shaun A. Nguyen1 Rachel L. Jester4 Terry A. Day1 ●
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Received: 9 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objective The hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (HVPTC) has emerged as a rare and aggressive variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We aim to determine the prevalence and clinicopathologic factors of HVPTC. Methods A systematic review of the literature for studies examining HVPTC was performed. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, OVID, Cochrane library) were queried from inception of databases through March 20th, 2020. Results Sixteen studies with 124 cases of HVPTC were included. The mean age for all patients was 52.3 years. HVPTC had a prevalence of 1.08% out of all PTC cases, with a mean tumor size of 3.1 cm. In 62% and 50% of cases, lymphovascular invasion and extrathyroidal extension were present, respectively. Follow-up data, with a mean of 49.9 months, revealed a 66% rate of lymph node metastasis and 23% rate of distant metastasis. Tumors with ≥30% hobnail morphology had a 2.6fold increased odds of developing lymph node metastasis compared with
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