Holographic Waveguide Periscopes in Augmented Reality Displays
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GRAPHY
Holographic Waveguide Periscopes in Augmented Reality Displays A. N. Putilina, *, A. V. Morozova, b, S. S. Kopenkina, S. E. Dubynina, b, and Yu. P. Borodina a Lebedev
Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia b Samsung R&D Institute Russia, Moscow, 127018 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received March 15, 2020; revised June 16, 2020; accepted July 7, 2020
Abstract—Main properties of holographic waveguide periscopic multiplexors of the exit pupil of optical systems of augmented reality displays are considered. Limitations in the operation of waveguide holograms, compensation of chromatic aberrations in periscopic schemes, and influence of waveguide defects on the operation of augmented reality displays constructed based on waveguide holograms are analyzed. Keywords: holographic optical elements, augmented reality displays, waveguide holograms DOI: 10.1134/S0030400X2011020X
INTRODUCTION Virtualization of the space surrounding the present-day human is well underway because digital technologies occupy ever-greater sector of the information flow. The optical information channel is most capacious for the human perception; correspondingly, creation of virtual reality (VR) displays (more exactly, augmented reality (AR) displays) becomes a very topical problem. Their distinctive feature is the formation of a virtual augmented image of a local information source and high transparency for light from the real environment surrounding the observer. In the way of interaction with the spectator, AR displays can be divided into two large classes: head-up displays (HUDs) or displays in front of the observer (rigidly connected with the machinery used by the human—automobile, aircraft, etc.) and headmounted displays (HMDs) connected sufficiently flexibly with the human eye; generalized schemes of such displays are presented in Fig. 1. Main parameters of optical schemes of such displays are widely different: HUDs are characterized by a rigid connection of the AR display with the carrier (an aircraft or an automobile), a huge eye relief (ER), i.e., the distance from the last optical element of the AR display to the observer, of 80–1000 mm, the eye box (EB) for viewing with two eyes (>100 × 30 mm), and the field of view (FOV) < 30°. High reliability of such displays is required for reasons of safety of the observer. HMDs are characterized by nonrigid connection of the AR display with the carrier (a glass or a helmet), a small eye relief ER = 20–30 mm, the EB pupil ~5–15 mm, FOV > 45°, and low weight (100 × 30 mm); and the field of view (FOV) < 30°. High reliability. (b) HMD: nonrigid connection of the AR display with the carrier (a glass or a helmet), a small eye relief ER = 20–30 mm, the EB pupil ~5–15 mm, FOV > 45°, and low weight (
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