Homalanthus macradenius Pax & K.Hoffm. Euphorbiaceae
Homalanthus macradenius Pax: Homalanthus concolor Merr.; Homalanthus megaphyllus Merr.; Homalanthus rotundifolius Merr.; Homalanthus surigaoensis Elmer
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Synonyms Homalanthus macradenius Pax: Homalanthus concolor Merr.; Homalanthus megaphyllus Merr.; Homalanthus rotundifolius Merr.; Homalanthus surigaoensis Elmer
Local Names Philippines: Balalanti (Tagalog); Banti, Balanti, Balanting-bilog, and Mindanao balanti (Bisaya); Banti puti, Banti tapol (Agusan Manobo); Biante (Cebuano); Gibulag, Glabulag, Labagti, Labugti, Labulti, Liuti, Maquing, and Salingbaga (Bukidnon).
Botany and Ecology Description: Crooked, often shrub-like monoecious, glabrous tree ca. 15 m tall, dbh ca. 15 cm, and crown open and spreading. Bark pale grey to brown. Wood nearly odor- and tasteless. Stipules ca. 1.5–12 cm long. Leaves alternate, simple, apically rounded to acute or mucronate, always glabrous, with abaxial to lateral petiolar glands. Petiole ca. 3–20 cm long, always with a pair of abaxial-lateral glands either cup-shaped, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter, or, more often, enlarged to peculiar foliaceous appendages, ca. 6 mm long, with glandular margin and often irregularly divided; petiolar glands often enlarged and irregularly foliaceous; lamina ovate to orbiculate, ca. 4–36 by 3.5–30 cm, index ca. 1.0–1.2, with either abaxially completely visible venation, whitish beneath (Fig. 1) or reddish (Fig. 2), base rounded and distinctly M. L. G. Dapar (*) The Graduate School and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 F. M. Franco (ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Southeast Asia, Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14116-5_220-1
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M. L. G. Dapar
Fig. 1 Homalanthus macradenius leaves (©P.B. Pelser & J.F. Barcelona). Locally named as “Banti puti” by Agusan Manobo in the Philippines due to its whitish coloration of abaxial view of the leaf (Dapar et al. 2020b)
peltate by ca. 5–120 mm, only rarely single leaves indistinctly peltate, apex rounded to acute to mucronate, lower surface often whitish with larger veins of different color, but especially large leaves sometimes not whitish at all, side veins in ca. 9–13 pairs between petiole and apex, angle of divergence ca. 45–55°, only indistinctly joined toward the margin, tertiary veins percurrent, quarternary veins percurrent and often quite indistinct, adaxially glandless, and abaxially without laminar glands. Inflorescences ca. 10–21 cm long, bisexual, sometimes without female flowers, and staminate part ca. 5–14 mm in diameter. Bracts of staminate cymules ca. 0.3–1 mm long, completely covered by a pair of undivided glands ca. 1–1.5 mm long. Staminate flowers 1 per cymule; pedicel ca. 2–5 mm long; sepal 1, inclinate, and ca. 1.5–2 mm long; stamens ca. 20–30 per flower, with filaments ca. 0.5 mm long and anthers ca. 0.3 mm long. Pistillate flowers ca. 5–11 per thyrse; pedicel ca. 2–5 mm long; sepal 1, inclinate, and early caducous; ovary ca. 2 mm long, bicarpellate, papillate, and style ca. 0.5–2.5 mm long, soon caducous and aborted near base, and stigma ca. 3–4 mm long, undivi
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