Hope in Iranian mothers of children with cancer: a descriptive correlational study
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Hope in Iranian mothers of children with cancer: a descriptive correlational study Ensieh Fathollah Zadeh 1
&
Yvonne Parry 2
&
Peyman Eshghi 3,4
Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between the level of hope in mothers who have a child with cancer and its related factors in Iran. Method A cross-sectional and descriptive correlational design was used in this study. A demographic questionnaire and the Herth Hope Index (HHI) were administered to a sample of 240 mothers who have a child with cancer to assess level of hope. Mothers were also asked to indicate their highest priority hopes such as view of their supportive resources including financial support, psychosocial support, religiosity and spirituality. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rho, independent sample t test and one-way ANOVA. Results The mean HHI score was 35.44 (n = 237). There was a positive correlation between HHI total score and spirituality (r = 0.267, P < 0.001), and psychosocial support (r = 0.281, P < 0.001). No significant differences were found between HHI total score and respondents who saw themselves as a religious person and the family financial support. There was a significant difference in HHI total scores for a mother who has a disabled child (M = 32.92, SD = 2.75; t (235) = 2.00, P = 0.046) and mothers of a child who do not have any disability besides their cancer (M = 35.59, SD = 4.91). No significant differences were found in the HHI total score and different group of the child’s diagnoses and the mother’s age or/and child’s age. Conclusion Mothers who have a child with cancer with better psychosocial and spiritual support showed a higher level of hope. A thorough knowledge of factors associated with hope in mothers caring for children suffering from cancer could provide a means to further advance the support delivered and the available resources given to the parents, especially the mothers. Keywords Mothers . Childhood cancer . Hope . Supportive care
Introduction * Ensieh Fathollah Zadeh [email protected] Yvonne Parry [email protected] Peyman Eshghi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Sturt North Wing (N306), GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia
2
College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Sturt North Wing (N323), GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia
3
Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4
Level 2. Haemophilia Clinic of Mofid Children Hospital, Tehran, Iran
The diagnosis of childhood cancer impacts the child’s entire family and can result in feelings of shock, anxiety, uncertainty, depression and loss of control to the parents, and all those involved in caring for the child [1–4]. In most of the societies, mothers ar
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