Horizontal distribution of Changjiang Diluted Water in summer inferred from total suspended sediment in the Yellow Sea a
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Horizontal distribution of Changjiang Diluted Water in summer inferred from total suspended sediment in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea LEE Dong-Kyu1, KWON Jae-Il2, 3*, SON SeungHyun4 1 Pusan National University, Busan 609–735, Republic of Korea 2 Coastal Disaster Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan 426–744, Republic of
Korea 3 China-Korea Joint Ocean Research Center, Qingdao 266061, China 4 Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Received 20 July 2015; accepted 21 Septemper 2015 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
Abstract
During the summer in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, the resuspension of the bottom sediment is obstructed by strong stratification and, as a result, the concentration of total suspended sediment (TSS) can be used as an excellent tracer for Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW). To analyze the spatial and temporal variations of the CDW distribution, the monthly mean TSS from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ocean color data are constructed and are converted to salinity using the relationship between salinity observed from AQUARIUS and TSS. The process produces the detailed horizontal distribution of salinity with very high resolution (1 km). From monthly mean salinity map from 2002 to 2012 in July and August, the expansion patterns of CDW are analyzed. The southerly wind in July and southeasterly wind in August transport the CDW eastward and northeastward, respectively. It is found that the yearly variation of the expansion of CDW toward the southern sea area of Korea is mostly due to the variation of southerly wind and the fluctuations of fresh water discharge into the Changjiang estuary show relatively little impact on the eastward extend of CDW. When 11-year mean (from 2002 to 2012) salinity map in August is compared with World Ocean Atlas 2013, it is revealed that wind in August strengthened six times from 1994 and it causes the expansion of CDW extended 150 km further eastward. Key words: Yellow and East China Seas, Changjiang diluted water, total suspended sediment, MODIS Citation: Lee Dong-Kyu, Kwon Jae-Il, Son SeungHyun. 2015. Horizontal distribution of Changjiang Diluted Water in summer inferred from total suspended sediment in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34(12): 44–50, doi: 10.1007/s13131-015-0776-7
1 Introduction The Yellow Sea and East China Sea (Fig. 1, hereafter YECS) are bounded by the Korean Peninsula, China, Taiwan Island and Kyushu Island. It is one of the most complex marginal seas for hydrodynamic and biogeochemical studies due to its complicated physical and chemical environments (Liu et al., 2003). The Changjiang provides an annual freshwater discharge of about 9.2×1011 m3 into the YECS (about 90% of the whole river discharge in this region, (Beardsley et al., 1985)) and the annual mean suspended sediment load by the Changjiang reaches about 5×108 tons (Chen et al., 1999;
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