Host plants of the powdery mildew fungus Podosphaera xanthii in Taiwan
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Host plants of the powdery mildew fungus Podosphaera xanthii in Taiwan Yu-Wei Yeh 1 & Ting-Ying Wu 2 & Hsu-Lun Wen 2 & Herng-Woei Jair 3 & Ming-Zhe Lee 3 & Roland Kirschner 1 Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia 2020
Abstract Podosphaera xanthii is presently considered as one of the powdery mildew fungi with the broadest host range. Confusion is caused by taxonomical and nomenclatural changes of the host plants and the fungal parasite. Based on the list of powdery mildews from Taiwan from 1998, an updated list of host plants of P. xanthii in this country is presented. New hosts from Taiwan are wild and horticultural herbs and woody plants collected between 2011 and 2020. Fifteen plant species were found to be the host of P. xanthii based on new collections of the anamorph and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Among them, Cuphea carthagenensis, Cuphea hyssopifolia, Erigeron bellioides, Mazus pumilus, Phyllanthus tenellus, Salvia farinacea, and Sphagneticola trilobata were new hosts worldwide, whereas Bidens pilosa, Eclipta prostrata, Pouzolzia zeylanica, and Torenia fournieri were new hosts in Taiwan. Four further plant species were confirmed as known hosts (Emilia sonchifolia, Sesamum indicum, Trema orientalis, Zinnia elegans). Asteraceae contained most host species in Taiwan, which appeared proportional to the high species diversity in this plant family. The second highest host diversity in the Cucurbitaceae, however, was not proportional to plant diversity. Although the fungus is able to cause similar symptoms on a broad range of hosts, certain host species showed specific responses to infection. In some species, infection remains limited to old leaves, whereas in other species, only young leaves or mainly stems are infected. Keywords Erysiphales . Fibroidium . Host range . Molecular identification . Oidium . Sphaerotheca
Introduction Podosphaera xanthii U. Braun & Shishkoff is presently considered as one of the powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) with the broadest host range (Braun and Cook 2012). The fungus is causing considerable economic losses particularly in cultivated Cucurbitaceae (see Wu and Kirschner 2017). The genus Podosphaera is characterized by a single ascus per ascoma and fibrosin bodies in catenate conidia. Although the chemical * Ming-Zhe Lee [email protected] * Roland Kirschner [email protected] 1
School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei City, Taiwan
2
Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli District, 320 Taoyuan City, Taiwan
3
Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, 112 Taipei City, Taiwan
composition of the fibrosin bodies (presumably protein crystals) and their functions are not known, these subcellular structures are phylogenetically distinct markers among Erysiphales (Braun and Cook 2012). Due to frequent changes of taxonomy and nomenclature in mycology, the species concepts and names of P. xanthii have ch
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