First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe alphitoides on Aegle marmelos in India
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First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe alphitoides on Aegle marmelos in India Arghya Banerjee 1 & Debashis Rana 1 & Saidul Islam 1 & Swarnavo Chakraborty 2 & Subrata Chatterjee 3 & Arghya Chatterjee 4 & Koushik Banerjee 5 & Birendranath Panja 1 & Partha Sarathi Nath 1 Received: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 25 July 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Keywords Aegle marmelos . Erysiphaceae . Powdery mildew . Scanning electron microscopy . India
Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr. (Rutaceae), commonly known as Indian bael, is a medicinal tree native to India. In December 2019, approximately 30–50% of young and mature leaves, twigs and thorns of A. marmelos plants in Bongaon plantations, West Bengal, India, were affected by powdery mildew. Initially, the powdery mildew appeared as white, superficial patches on both sides of the leaves (mostly both sides of young leaves and abaxial part of mature leaves) and some parts of twigs and thorns. As disease progressed, abundant masses of conidia covered whole plant parts, resulting in severe leaf deformities and chlorosis. Conidia, viewed under scanning electron microscope (SEM), were mostly produced singly, 21.50 to 32.50 μm (average 27.00 μm) × 9.03 to 18.00 μm (average 14.50 μm) (n = 50). Lobed appressoria were formed on epiphytic mycelia. Foot cells were cylindrical or rarely curved, 10.00 to 41.00 × 1.50 to 7.50 μm (average 25.50 × 4.50 μm), followed by one to three shorter cells. Arghya Banerjee, Debashis Rana and Saidul Islam contributed equally to this work. * Arghya Banerjee [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
2
Department of Plant Pathology, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736165, India
3
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
4
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
5
Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
Chasmothecia were not detected on the collected specimens. These morphological characteristics were identified as being similar to those of Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U. Braun & S. Takam (Braun and Cook 2012). In order to confirm the morphological identification, the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified with the primer pair ITS1 and ITS4, and sequenced directly. The ITS sequence deposited in GenBank (Accession No. MT065801) showed 100% homology to the ITS sequences of E. alphitoides (MF623857, KY660932). Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating the infected plant parts to healthy leaves, twigs and thorns via direct contact. Five inoculated and noninoculated one-year plants were kept in different growth chambers under the same growth conditions (22 ± 2 °C, 50% relativ
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