Human-cyber-physical systems: concepts, challenges, and research opportunities
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2020 21(11):1535-1553
1535
Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering www.jzus.zju.edu.cn; engineering.cae.cn; www.springerlink.com ISSN 2095-9184 (print); ISSN 2095-9230 (online) E-mail: [email protected]
Perspective:
Human-cyber-physical systems: concepts, challenges, and research opportunities∗ Zhiming LIU‡1 , Ji WANG2 1RISE-Centre
for Research and Innovation in Software Engineering, School of Computer and
Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China 2State
Key Laboratory for High Performance Computing, School of Computer,
National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Received Oct. 10, 2020; Revision accepted Oct. 16, 2020; Crosschecked Oct. 26, 2020
Abstract: In this perspective article, we first recall the historic background of human-cyber-physical systems (HCPSs), and then introduce and clarify important concepts. We discuss the key challenges in establishing the scientific foundation from a system engineering point of view, including (1) complex heterogeneity, (2) lack of appropriate abstractions, (3) dynamic black-box integration of heterogeneous systems, (4) complex requirements for functionalities, performance, and quality of services, and (5) design, implementation, and maintenance of HCPS to meet requirements. Then we propose four research directions to tackle the challenges, including (1) abstractions and computational theory of HCPS, (2) theories and methods of HCPS architecture modelling, (3) specification and verification of model properties, and (4) software-defined HCPS. The article also serves as the editorial of this special section on cyber-physical systems and summarises the four articles included in this special section. Key words: Abstractions; Architecture modelling; Evolution; Software-defined technology https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000537 CLC number: TP311
1 Introduction Human-cyber-physical system (HCPS) is one of the most hyped buzzwords in the computing science and technology, control engineering, communication, and information communication technology (ICT) application communities. In light of the intension and extension of a concept, HCPS is not entirely new, but it has emerged from the continuous evolution and integration of the science and technologies of computing, control, and communica‡ *
Corresponding author
Project supported in part by the Capacity Development Fund of Southwest University, China (No. SWU116007) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61732019, 61672435, 61811530327, and 62032019) ORCID: Zhiming LIU, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9771-3071 c Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
tion. Nevertheless, serious research has been active in investigating the potential applications and challenges in its scientific foundation and engineering techniques, especially those systems that are built by integrating many heterogeneous systems built in multi-disciplinary technologies. We propose
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