Opportunities and Challenges in Monitoring Cyber-Physical Systems Security
Technological advances in distributed cyber-physical systems (CPS) will fundamentally alter the way present and future human societies lead their lives. From a security or privacy perspective, a (multi-agent) cyber-physical system is a network of sensors,
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Iowa State University, Ames, USA [email protected] University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA [email protected] 3 Duke University, Durham, USA [email protected]
Abstract. Technological advances in distributed cyber-physical systems (CPS) will fundamentally alter the way present and future human societies lead their lives. From a security or privacy perspective, a (multiagent) cyber-physical system is a network of sensors, actuators, and computation nodes, i.e., a system with multiple attack surfaces and latent exploits that originate both through software attacks and physical attacks. In this paper, we argue that we are in pressing need to bring about a paradigm shift in software development for multi-agent CPS. To this end, security and privacy policies should be made a critical ingredient of agent interfaces with a goal of ensuring both localized safety and privacy for each agent, as well as guaranteeing global system safety and security. We present our vision on new theory, algorithms, and tools to foster a culture of secure-by-design multi-agent CPS.
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Introduction
Human societies of tomorrow will be immersed in multi-agent cyber-physical systems (CPS). Examples include autonomous and semi-autonomous cars coupled with intelligent transportation systems as well as fleets of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) performing mundane jobs like package delivery, and teams of rescue robots in disaster management scenarios. A key feature of these systems is that they consist of networked multi-agent cyber components that interact with the physical environment. Informally, a CPS is a system that combines a plant, i.e., a mechanical, electrical or hydraulic component that has temporal behavior which follows the laws of physics, controlled by an embedded software controller. A multi-agent CPS consists of two or more such CPSs with the ability to communicate with each other or with a central agent. It is tempting to think of a multi-agent CPS as just a larger CPS with several plants and controllers, but what distinguishes a multi-agent CPS from an ordinary CPS is the decoupling between individual agents. Often, agents in such a multi-agent CPS are c Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 T. Margaria and B. Steffen (Eds.): ISoLA 2018, LNCS 11247, pp. 9–18, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03427-6_2
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autonomous, i.e., have some degree of freedom in controlling their behavior without the intervention from an external agent, or are semi-autonomous, i.e., they have the ability to switch control between a human operator and an embedded software controller. In the past few years, we have seen the catastrophic levels of damage that attacks on cyber-physical systems can cause; examples include the blackout of the Ukrainian power grid in 2015 [30], and the MIRAI botnet that made use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices to launch Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks [25]. Some types of cyber-induced attacks can have physical impacts; examples include several examples where automobile s
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