Human Exposure to Pollutants via Dermal Absorption and Inhalation
The human body is exposed to pollution on a daily basis via dermal exposure and inhalation. This book reviews the information necessary to address the steps in exposure assessment relevant to air pollution. The aim is to identify available information inc
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ENVIRO N M E N TA L P O LLU T IO N 17
Human Exposure to Pollutants via Dermal Absorption and Inhalation
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Human Exposure to Pollutants via Dermal Absorption and Inhalation
Environmental Pollution VOLUME 17
Editors Brain J. Alloway, Department of Soil Science, The University of Reading, U.K. Jack T. Trevors, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Editorial Board I. Colbeck, Interdisciplinary Centre for Environment and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K. R.L. Crawford, Food Research Center (FRC) 204, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, U.S.A. W. Salomons, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/5929
Human Exposure to Pollutants via Dermal Absorption and Inhalation Edited by
Mihalis Lazaridis
Department of Environmental Engineering Technical University of Crete Chania, Greece
Ian Colbeck
Department of Biological Sciences University of Essex Colchester, United Kingdom
Editors Mihalis Lazaridis Technical University of Crete Department of Environmental Engineering Polytechneioupolis 73100 Chania Greece [email protected]
Ian Colbeck University of Essex Interdisciplinary Centre for Environment and Society Department of Biological Sciences Colchester, CO4 3SQ United Kingdom [email protected]
ISBN 978-90-481-8662-4 e-ISBN 978-90-481-8663-1 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-8663-1 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010924437 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: Cover Images © 2009 JupiterImages Corporation Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Estimates of the air pollution health impact play a crucial role in environmental protection. These estimates require accurate data on the pollutant exposure and dose to the population as well as the dose–response relationships to calculate the health impact. From an air quality manager’s perspective there is concern about the validity and accuracy of these calculations. There is a need for information and possible ways to adjust the assessment. One important topic for air quality managers is to understand the relative contribution of sources to the total exposure. These sources may be coming from both different outdoor sources from sectors such as transport, industry and energy industries, and from a number of indoor sources, such as heating, ventilation and indoor activities as well as out-gassing from building material and furniture. Indoor air quality is now drawing the at
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