Human: Veterinary Technology Cross Over
Emerging drug discovery technologies are helping us to break from the traditional simplistic cycle of animal experimentation for human applications with “spin off” benefits for veterinary medicine. A more coordinated effort can develop synergies. In this
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Human: Veterinary Technology Cross Over Alan W. Baird, Michael J. Rathbone, and David J. Brayden
Abstract Emerging drug discovery technologies are helping us to break from the traditional simplistic cycle of animal experimentation for human applications with “spin off” benefits for veterinary medicine. A more coordinated effort can develop synergies. In this chapter we attempt to profile how those technologies harnessed independently for human or veterinary medicine have related features. We discuss shared approaches and requirements that are reaping benefits for both human and veterinary patients.
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Introduction
“Every advance made in human medicine affects the progress of veterinary science….” [Encyclopaedia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911)] and perhaps the converse is equally true. From traditional beginnings, therapeutic and diagnostic practices have benefitted from developments in basic sciences through physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, and increasingly through computer power. One hundred years after the statement was published, we are fortunate enough to be in a period when the revolutions in molecular technology and mathematical modeling are colliding in an exciting manner. Researchers today have access to techniques beyond the imagination of their counterparts 10 years ago. In this chapter we explore how human and veterinary science as well as clinical practice are sharing technological progress.
A.W. Baird • D.J. Brayden (*) UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland e-mail: [email protected] M.J. Rathbone International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia M.J. Rathbone and A. McDowell (eds.), Long Acting Animal Health Drug Products: Fundamentals and Applications, Advances in Delivery Science and Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4439-8_16, © Controlled Release Society 2013
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The previous chapters of this book explore comparative aspects of drug delivery related to animal health. Although fundamental principles of anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry govern pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of all species, complexity in how certain drugs are orally absorbed, protein bound, metabolized, and eliminated via transporters in different species means that reliance on allometric scaling to predict dosing requirements between species is usually erroneous. Optimized clinical trial design to profile PK even in the same species has yet to be achieved as data is not normally required by regulatory authorities in the pediatric, geriatric or the sick patient, even though clearance may differ in each. Still, the concept that man represents just one other species is justifiably promoted throughout this collection. Science is in the early stages of understanding how genetic differences within, as well as between, species can affect the way drugs work. The genomes of rodents are turning out to be remarkably similar to humans. In many cases, even genetic linkages have been conserved. As such new information and understand
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