Hybrid Laser Nanotechnologies for Controlling Resistant Bacterial Biofilms
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id Laser Nanotechnologies for Controlling Resistant Bacterial Biofilms A.A. Ionina, S. A. Gonchukova, d, D. A. Zazymkinaa, A. N. Kirichenkoc, S. I. Kudryashova, A. A. Nastulyavichiusa, *, Yu. M. Romanovaa, b, I. N. Saraevaa, N. A. Smirnova, and E. R. Tolordavaa, b aLebedev
b
Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, RF Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098 Russia c Technological Institute of Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow oblast, 142190 Russia d National Research Nuclear University (MIPhI), Moscow, 115409 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received June 18, 2020; revised July 10, 2020; accepted July 27, 2020
Abstract—Active and passive hybrid ways are described for controlling biofilms and the planktonic form of pathogenic microorganisms based on different bactericidal nanomaterials obtained with modern laser technologies. An innovative mobile laser application of the complete suppression of biofilms in situ is described. DOI: 10.3103/S1062873820110131
INTRODUCTION Controlling pathogenic microorganisms is now a global issue [1]. Pathogens that form biofilms are especially resistant. Biofilms are a type of microbial communities attached to different surfaces [2]. Most organisms are able to form biofilms. Antibiotics and disinfecting chemical agents are considered traditional means of microbial control [3]. These techniques are not a universal panacea and have disadvantages. For example, microbes can acquire antibiotic resistance, while chemical agents are mostly harmful to the human organism. Solving the problem of antimicrobial resistance is a key challenge of modern medicine. The search for alternative ways for controlling pathogenic microorganisms is therefore on the agenda of modern medical microbiology. New means of microbial control have been proposed in a great many of the works published in recent years. They include the development of micro- or nanostructures on the surfaces of materials [4–6]. These structures can have unique physicochemical properties. The idea of using nanostructures for microbial control was borrowed from nature. A wellknown example is the dense nano-needle texture on the wings of cicadas, which have a mechanical bactericidal effect and hydrophobicity. One of the most popular ways of obtaining microand nanoreliefs is laser surface texturing. This technique is in demand due to its simplicity, effectiveness, and the wide range of materials that can be used to obtain the necessary structures. For example, artificial nanospike structures formed with laser radiation have
been obtained on the surface of metals, semiconductors and polymers [7–9]. Antibacterial nanoparticles that act through the generation of singlet oxygen or its other reactive species are successfully used to control bacteria [10–14]. In addition, researchers give much attention on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, which prevents the development of resistance due to oxidative damage to cellular components [15–18
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