HYDJET++ model of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
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EMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS Theory
++ Model of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions HYDJET++ I. P. Lokhtin* , L. V. Malinina** , S. V. Petrushanko*** , and A. M. Snigirev**** Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia Received February 10, 2010
Abstract—The HYDJET++ event generator intended for simulating multiparticle hadron production in √ relativistic heavy-ion collisions over a broad energy range ( s ∼ 10−10 000 GeV per nucleon pair) is described in the present article. Within HYDJET++, the final state of a nuclear reaction is a superposition of two independent components: a soft, hydrodynamic, part (processes involving the production of lowtransverse-momentum hadrons) and a hard, multiparton, state (processes involving the production of hightransverse-momentum hadrons via the fragmentation of quark–gluon jets). Some results of a simulation of nucleus–nucleus interactions on the basis of the HYDJET++ event generator at the energies of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are discussed. DOI: 10.1134/S1063778810120203
1. INTRODUCTION Theoretical and experimental investigations of multiparticle production processes in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are of considerable interest from the point of view of obtaining information about the properties of nuclear matter under conditions of extremely high temperature and energy densities. This is one of the pressing tasks for present-day highenergy physics [1, 2]. The occurrence of nuclearmatter deconfinement accompanied by the formation of quark–gluon plasma is one of the fundamental predictions of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which is commonly accepted as strong-interaction theory, for systems of rather high temperature or baryon-charge density. Experimenting with heavyion beams at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and at other currently operating (SPS, RHIC) and planned (FAIR, NICA) accelerators requires developing new Monte Carlo models of nucleus–nucleus interaction that are applicable both in preparing relevant experiments and in analyzing data that they would yield. Physical adequacy, a fast operation, a convenient interface of control, and the possibility of incorporating the respective code in the existing software of the experiment are basic requirements for such event generators. A number of Monte Carlo models of heavyion collisions have been developed to date with allowance for some specific nuclear effects. These models include HIJING [3], FRITIOF [4], LUCIAE [5], *
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] *** E-mail: [email protected] **** E-mail: [email protected] **
THERMINATOR [6], UrQMD [7], QGSM [8], AMPT [9], and ZPC [10]. A feature peculiar to the HYDJET++ model [11] (which was developed on the basis of the HYDJET [12] and FAST MC [13, 14] models) is that it is a two-component model, and this makes it possible to take simultaneously into account such important collective effects as the absorption of hard parton jets in strongl
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