Evaluation of hypernuclei in relativistic ion collisions
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Review
Evaluation of hypernuclei in relativistic ion collisions N. Buyukcizmeci1,a , A.S. Botvina2,3 , R. Ogul1, M. Bleicher2,4,5,6 1
Department of Physics, University of Selçuk, 42079 Konya, Turkey Institute of Theoretical Physics, J.W. Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 3 Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia 4 GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany 5 John-von-Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), FZ Jülich, Jülich, Germany 6 Helmholtz Research Academy Hessen for FAIR, (HFHF), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
2
Received: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 © Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Communicated by Laura Tolos
Abstract In this paper, we present the results of the transport, coalescence and statistical model calculations to describe the production of hypernuclei and study their properties in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Such hypernuclei and low-temperature hypermatter can be produced as a result of hyperon capture by nuclear residues and free nucleons. The dynamical reaction stage leading to the strangeness production is described within the transport cascade and UrQMD models. Large excited hypernuclear species can be formed from target and projectile residues in peripheral collisions. To describe its following evolution at high excitation energies we have generalized the statistical multifragmentation model (SMM) on hypernuclei, as well as the evaporation, fission and Fermi-break-up models at low energies. We calculated the yields, the mass with isotopic distributions of produced nuclei and hypernuclei, and found important regularities and correlations. We have also established how the binding energies of hypernuclei can be evaluated via the comparison of isotope yields. Our approach can be used also for multistrange nuclei. We have extended the coalescence model for the formation of excited hyperclusters from individual baryons in the central collisions. De-excitation of hot coalescence clusters presents a novel mechanism for the hypernuclei production and shows new possibilities for their investigation.
1 Introduction Peripheral and central relativistic ion collisions can be considered as the sources of hyperons (, , , and ) and hypernuclei production at intermediate-high energies from a a e-mail:
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few hundred MeV up to a few ten GeV per nucleon. In these kind of reactions projectile and target-like hyper-residues and hypernuclei can be formed in addition to normal residues and nuclei. It is instructive to have knowledge about embedding hyperons in the nuclear matter, to understand the many-body aspects of the strong three-flavor interaction (i.e., including u, d, and s quarks) at low energies and to get information about hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interactions. Hypernuclei provide complementary information for traditional nuclear studies and extends horizons for
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