Hydrothermal synthesis and applications of advanced carbonaceous materials from biomass: a review
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REVIEW
Hydrothermal synthesis and applications of advanced carbonaceous materials from biomass: a review Yi Wang 1 & Ya-Jie Hu 2 & Xiang Hao 2 & Pai Peng 3 & Jun-You Shi 1,4 & Feng Peng 2 & Run-Cang Sun 5 Received: 29 October 2019 / Revised: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 May 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a novel method to produce carbonaceous materials, which has been extensively concerned because of its environmentally benign and simple process. This review aims to introduce the approaches and mechanisms of carbonaceous materials prepared by hydrothermal carbonization from biomass in recent years, and discuss the applications of the functional materials transformed from carbonaceous materials. Specifically, the utilizations of various biomass raw materials, including carbohydrates, lignocellulose, and other biomass waste for the production of biochar are discussed. The significant parameter influence and mechanistic aspects of the hydrochar are critically analyzed to better understand the hydrochar formation process. More importantly, recent advances in hydrochar utilization techniques are summarized. Finally, we envision that the ideal designs of the biomass-based functional carbonaceous materials will open up a novel family of functional carbon materials with various applications towards a green and sustainable future. Keywords Biomass . Hydrothermal carbonization . Carbonaceous materials . Applications
1 Introduction Since Kroto et al. [1] first discovered fullerene in 1985 and Novoselov [2] obtained graphene by stripping high-oriented graphite in 2004, the research of carbonaceous materials has become a worldwide upsurge. Due to the unique structure, carbonaceous materials have special properties and wide * Jun-You Shi [email protected] * Feng Peng [email protected] 1
Jilin Biomass Green and High-Value Utilization Laboratory, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
2
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
3
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
4
Jilin Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
5
Center for Lignocellulose Science and Engineering, and Liaoning Key Laboratory Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
applications such as adsorption [3, 4], bioimaging [5, 6], catalysis [7, 8], and activated carbon synthesis [9–11]. These are promoting the development of materials science. The raw materials used to prepare carbon nanomaterials are mainly mesophase pitch. In recent years, non-asphalt materials such as biomass have become the new alternative feedstock. Biomass is a kind of energy resource with zero-carbon dioxide emissions, which complies with a requirement of green chemistry for the synthesis of carbonaceous material. Over the past couple of years, the uti
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