Hygienic Risk Exposures Across Ethnic Groups in Rural Areas of Guangxi, China: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Perce
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Hygienic Risk Exposures Across Ethnic Groups in Rural Areas of Guangxi, China: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Perceptions of Policy Chen Huang 1,2 & Tippawan Liabsuetrakul 2
&
Zhenyou Guo 3 & Gang Mo 4 & Hao Mai 5 & Wuxiang Shi 3
Received: 6 February 2020 / Revised: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 # W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute 2020
Abstract Background Controlling hygienic risk exposures (HREs) is important for reducing acute respiratory infection or parasitic infection; however, studies across vulnerable ethnicities are limited. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of HREs and perception on HRE policies among ethnic groups in Guangxi, China. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Guangxi, China, among Han majority and Zhuang, Yao, Miao, Dong, Mulao, and Maonan minorities. The prevalence of HREs and perceptions concerning the HRE policies were presented using descriptive statistics. Associated factors were analyzed using a logistic regression model, and adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results High prevalence of HREs on hand and soil hygiene were found in all ethnicities. Miao minority had the highest prevalence of HREs, particularly in poor hand washing (74.1%), infrequent nail clipping (90.4%), and outdoor soil contact (92.7%), compared with the others. Prevalence of HREs in some ethnic minority groups were significantly different from those in Han majority after adjusted with other significant factors. Village leaders were more aware of existing national and community regulations related to HREs than household heads. Village leaders and household heads of almost all ethnic groups perceived high policy’s compliance in their village or household on avoiding fertilizing with farmyard manure. Conclusions HREs were prevalent in all ethnic groups, especially in Miao minority. Ethnicity, one of social determinants, was significantly associated with HREs. Raising awareness at both the village and household levels on HREs is needed for all ethnic groups. Keywords Hygienic risk . Ethnic minority . Policy . Food hygiene . Latrine . Soil contact
Introduction
* Tippawan Liabsuetrakul [email protected] * Wuxiang Shi [email protected] 1
Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
2
Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
3
Health Management Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Management, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
4
Department of Parasitology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
5
Guilin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guilin 541000, Guangxi, China
Drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene are the global targets in Sustainable Development Goals which the World Health Organization (WHO)/United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene
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