Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Potential Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum Strains Isolated from Traditional Fermented Fo
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Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Potential Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum Strains Isolated from Traditional Fermented Foods in Wistar Rats Pooja N. Thakkar 1,2 & Ami Patel 3
&
Hasmukh A. Modi 1 & Jashbhai B. Prajapati 2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The current research project was undertaken to explore the therapeutic potential of two potent probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum strains, i.e., PD2 and PH5 in a hyperlipemic healthy adult Wistar rat model, with a particular focus as biotherapeutics for the management of high cholesterol in Indian population. Rats fed on cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented with potential probiotics strain Lactobacillus fermentum PH5 significantly affected serum lipid profile by reducing serum cholesterol (67.21%), triglycerides level (66.21%), and LDL cholesterol level (63.25%) in comparison to rats that received cholesterolenriched diet (Model) only. Both the strains decreased the cholesterol levels in liver compared with Model group, but PH5 was found to be more effective (30.65% reduction) in liver total cholesterol (TC) lowering action. In addition, the fecal coliforms were significantly reduced besides increased LAB in feces of rats receiving probiotic curd having Lactobacillus fermentum PH5. Our results demonstrated that supplementation with either of the two strains was efficient in reducing serum cholesterol, LDLcholesterol and TG concentrations in rats compared to those fed the same high-cholesterol diet but without LAB supplementation. Keywords Hypocholesterolemic effect . Probiotics . Lactobacillus fermentum . Bile salt hydrolase activity . Wistar rats
Introduction The incidence of hypercholesterolemia is increasing swiftly with the improvements of people’s living standards and amendments in lifestyles. Elevated serum cholesterol level is usually considered to be the most imperative risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Both drug therapy and non-pharmacological approaches, including dietary interventions, behavior modification, and regular exercise, are common strategies to lower cholesterol levels. Current drug therapies (i.e., statins), despite the proven cholesterol lowering ability, with their high relative costs and
* Ami Patel [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Life Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
2
Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agriculture University, Anand, India
3
Division of Dairy Microbiology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy & Food Technology-MIDFT, Mehsana, Gujarat State, India
associated side effects, are not viewed to be optimal long-term answers [1, 2]. It is more attractive to develop possible strategies and safer alternative therapies by modulating diet through probiotic interventions that could be promising and cost effective in lowering cholesterol [3]. Previous in vitro screening experiments revealed that strain PD2 (dos
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