Identification of damage parameters during flood events applicable to multi-span bridges
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Identification of damage parameters during flood events applicable to multi‑span bridges Ali Karimpour1 · Salam Rahmatalla1 · Corey Markfort2 Received: 30 April 2020 / Revised: 9 July 2020 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract During flood events, the dynamic interaction between flowing water and bridges generates random loadings that force bridges to vibrate in all six degrees of freedom. It is difficult for a structural damage detection method to select a degree of freedom, or damage feature, to accurately describe and predict damage. The methodology presented here identifies damagesensitive features and uses them to monitor bridge health. A small-scale physical model of a multi-span highway bridge was constructed to satisfy geometrical, Cauchy, and Froude similarities, and six-dimensional hydrodynamic forces induced by simulated flood events were investigated as an input excitation in a tilting flume. It was determined that pitch, roll, and surge motions can be used as damage features during the inundated stage, while pitch, roll, surge, and heave can be used before the inundated stage. In addition, angular velocity signals exhibited more consistent damage indices than acceleration. Using the damage features, the proposed algorithm could successfully detect damage and damage severity during simulated flood stages. Identifying damage features can reduce the size of the collected data and inform emergency responders’ decisions. This case study can be used to test methods at full scale on similar structures to develop automated health-monitoring systems. Keywords Structural health monitoring · Damage index · Flooding · Hydrodynamic loading · Angular velocity
1 Introduction The USA has 614,387 bridges, and 9.1% of them were declared structurally deficient in 2016 as reported in the 2017 Infrastructure Report Card [1]. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials proclaimed that 50% of the failed bridges during the period of 1989–2000 were caused by hydraulic loading during extreme flood events [2]. Loading generated by flood incidents produces high-speed waves and turbulence conditions that can propagate swiftly during extreme events [3–7]. It has been reported in many recent severe flood events that when the flood strikes the infrastructure, it will partially or completely demolish the substructure, superstructure, or both * Salam Rahmatalla salam‑[email protected] 1
Iowa Technology Institute and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
IIHR‑Hydroscience and Engineering and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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sections [8]. Researchers [9] surveyed performance assessment techniques of bridges under flooding and earthquake events and categorized these events as the most destructive events that a structure could experience during its lifetime. It was also emphasized that reproducing structura
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