Identification of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae ) and seroprevalence to Theileria parva in cattle raised in North Kivu Pro
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Identification of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and seroprevalence to Theileria parva in cattle raised in North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo Moïse Kasereka Kalume & Claude Saegerman & Daniel Kambale Mbahikyavolo & Alexis M’Pondi Makumyaviri & Tanguy Marcotty & Maxime Madder & Yannick Caron & Laetitia Lempereur & Bertrand Losson
Received: 30 March 2012 / Accepted: 9 November 2012 / Published online: 29 November 2012 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
Abstract This study aimed to identify tick species and to determine their relationship with the Theileria parva seroprevalence in cattle raised under an extensive farming system in North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo in two agro-ecological zones namely medium (1,000– 1,850 m) and high (>1,850 m) altitude. Among the 3,215 ticks collected on 482 animals, from February to April 2009, M. K. Kalume : D. K. Mbahikyavolo : A. M. Makumyaviri Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Catholic University of Graben, B. P. 29, Butembo, North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo C. Saegerman Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to the Veterinary Sciences (UREAR), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, B42 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium T. Marcotty : M. Madder Animal Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium T. Marcotty : M. Madder Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa Y. Caron : L. Lempereur : B. Losson (*) Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, B43 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium e-mail: [email protected]
Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (64.26 %), the main vector of T. parva, was the most abundant species followed by Rhipicephalus decoloratus (35.49 %) and Amblyomma variegatum (0.25 %). The mean burden of R. appendiculatus tick per infested animal appeared significantly higher at medium (6.5±0.22 ticks) than at high (0.07±0.3 ticks) altitude (P 0.05) different between medium (48.4 %; 95 % CI: 38–49) and high (41.9 %; 95 % CI: 35–49) altitude. These relatively low seroprevalences suggest that there is a state of endemicity to T. parva infection in the study area. The presence of the tick vector on animals was associated with an increased risk of being seropositive to T. parva infection (odds ratio02.04; 95 % CI: 1.8–2.3; P 1/160 was considered as positive. Statement of the body that oversees animals The offices of veterinarian surgeons responsible for AGRIPEL oversee animals in Lubero and Beni territories and authorised the sampling on animals in these agroecological zone.
Blood sampling and serological analysis Statistical analysis A total of 450 blood samples were collected from the 27 herds which could be restrained. At least
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