Morphological abnormalities in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from domestic animal species in Sudan
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Morphological abnormalities in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from domestic animal species in Sudan Yassir Adam Shuaib1 · Makarim Habib Isaa2 · Malaz Isam‑Eldin Ezz‑Eldin3 · Mohamed Abdalsalam Abdalla1 · Amel Omer Bakhiet1 · Lidia Chitimia‑Dobler4 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 8 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Morphological abnormalities in ticks have rarely been reported in nature. The existing knowledge about anomalies in ticks collected in Africa is very sparse. In this paper, we describe abnormalities in Amblyomma, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus ticks collected from cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and horses in Kassala and North Kordofan states, Sudan, between January and August 2017. A number of 15 adult ticks displayed one or several local anomalies, such as ectromely, abnormalities of the ventral plates, and body deformi‑ ties, besides newly described multiple cuticula scars. This study presents the first report of local anomalies in ticks belonging to three genera in Sudan and highlights the need to investigate the association between such morphological abnormalities and tick biology. Keywords Morphological anomalies · Ticks · Animals · Sudan
Introduction Tick anomalies are morphological abnormalities and are either localized or generalized (Keskin 2018; Wang et al. 2019). Missing leg(s) (ectromely) or leg segment(s) and asym‑ metry are examples of localized abnormalities, whereas changes in the shape of the body, nanism, gigantism, gynandromorphism, and duplication are some instances of generalized abnormalities (Balinandi et al. 2019). Environmental stressors such, as high temperature, usage of drugs or chemicals for tick control and other purposes, and host resistance to tick infestation are among the main causes of morphological abnormalities in ticks (Keskin et al. 2016; Buczek et al. 2019). In addition, somatic or germinal mutations are known to cause morphological abnormalities in ticks (Keskin et al. 2016). * Lidia Chitimia‑Dobler [email protected] 1
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum North, Sudan
2
Veterinary Research Institute, Soba, Khartoum, Sudan
3
Ministry of Animal Resources, Kassala, Sudan
4
Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Experimental and Applied Acarology
Morphological abnormalities in ticks are gaining interest since the description of the first abnormality by Neumann in the late 1800s (Neumann 1899; Buczek 1995; ChitimiaDobler et al. 2017). More recently, a number of morphological abnormalities in different tick species in the genus Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus have been reported in Asia (e.g., China and Turkey), South America (e.g., Argentina), Europe (e.g., Germany, Denmark, Russia, Finland, Romania, and Slovakia), and Africa (e.g., Uganda) (Campana-Rouget 1959a; Guglielmone et al. 1999; Zharkov et al. 2000; Alekseev et al. 2007; Kar et al. 2015; Keskin et al. 2016; Chitimia
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